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Abstract
Aim. This review study was conducted to review the relationship between cardiovascular disease and vascular dementia in the elderly.
Background. The aging of the world population has increased dramatically. Chronic diseases related to aging, such as dementia, vascular and cardiovascular disease also have increased as a major health problem with a large impact on community health and family.
Method. The studies published between 2000 and 2017 were searched for in databases and search engines Google scholar, Pumped, Science Direct, Magiran, IranMedex, and SID  by the keywords dementia, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, heart failure, cognitive impairment, elderly, older adult, and atrial fibrillation and their Persian meanings.
Findings. The factors such as high blood pressure, coronary artery disease, atrial fibrillation, heart failure and atherosclerosis are considered as the main causes of vascular dementia, especially in the elderly.
Conclusion. In the elderly, cardiovascular disorders, especially those with chronic nature have a considerable effect on cognitive performance impairment and vascular dementia.