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Abstract

Aim. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of muscle relaxation and music therapy on anxiety level in patients waiting for cardiac catheterization.

Background. Anxiety is one of the most common human emotions from positive or negative experiences of life. High levels of anxiety have many unwanted effects on the body systems. In stressful situations such as invasive diagnostic techniques, the person experiences high level of anxiety. One of the main responsibilities of nurses is to control anxiety in patients with pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods.

Method. This quasi-experimental study was conducted in one hospital affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Science. After obtaining approval and written consent, 150 patients, waiting for cardiac catheterization, were randomly divided into three groups of muscle relaxation, music therapy and control. Data were collected by demographic form and self-report form of anxiety through interview. One hour before cardiac catheterization, the level of anxiety was measured in all groups, then, muscle relaxation group was asked to perform Benson muscle relaxation for 20 minutes based on listening to a recorded tape of guidance by headphone. At the same time, the music therapy group listened to music tape by headphone. Control group received no intervention but standard nursing care. Immediately before cardiac catheterization, the level of anxiety was measured again in all groups. Data were analyzed by SPSS using Fisher exact test, Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests.

Findings. Immediately before catheterization, patients' anxiety level was significantly reduced (p<0.001) in muscle relaxation and music therapy groups, while it increased in the control group. Immediately before catheterization, a statistical significant difference was found between levels of anxiety in groups (p<0.001).

Conclusion. Both Benson muscle relaxation and music therapy significantly reduced anxiety level of patients and music therapy had more effect on the anxiety level of patients waiting for cardiac catheterization.

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Abstract

Aim. This study aimed to examine the effect of music intervention on anxiety in patients with heart failure.

Background. Anxiety as a psychological problem can increase heart rate, respiration rate and blood pressure all of which have an advert effect on heart in patients with cardiovascular disease, particularly patients with heart failure.

Method. This controlled clinical trial study was conducted in Doctor Shariati Hospital affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences. In this study, in each group (control, and music intervention), 25 hospitalized patients with heart failure were recruited through convenience sampling. Then, patients were allocated to groups by simple randomization. Data were collected by demographic characteristic form and Spiel Berger anxiety assessment questionnaire. In music group, music including two of the three types of classical, gentle and Iranian traditional music was played for 20 minutes after meeting for 3 sequential days by a tape recorder and headphone. Before and 15 minutes after intervention, patients' anxiety was measured and compared. Data was analyzed by using independent t-test, Paired t-test, Fisher’s exact test through SPSS.

Findings. There was a statistically significant difference between control and music intervention groups regarding anxiety score. Also, there was a statistically significant difference, before and after music intervention in anxiety score of patients with heart failure (p<0.0001).

Conclusion. The findings indicated that music intervention significantly reduces anxiety in patients with heart failure. Because of the importance of anxiety reduction in patients with heart failure, it is proposed that music intervention be used in the care of these patients.

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Aim. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of preferred music on sleep quality of patients after coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG). Background. Sleep disorder is common among patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery that can also affect other postoperative outcomes. Method. This study was a quasi-experimental trial in which 70 patients who were undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery were recruited using convenience sampling method and assigned into the experimental and control group. Patients in experimental group listened to their preferred music by MP3 player for 20 minutes during 4 consecutive days, while patients in control group received only routine care. The patients’ sleep quality was measured before and after the intervention by means of Pittsburgh sleep quality inventory. Data were analyzed by SPSS, version 16, and descriptive and inferential statistical were used to report the findings. Findings. There was no statistically significant difference in sleep quality, before and after intervention in experimental and control groups. Conclusion. Music did not have effect on sleep quality among patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery, but the study can be reproduced with some modifications (change in intervention time and period and targeted selection of patients) in future studies.

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Aim. This study was conducted to determine the effect of instrumental music on sleep in patients admitted to the coronary care unit (CCU). Background. Poor quality sleep, as a distressing situation, can aggravate myocardial ischemia and infarction. The music as a cheap, and noninvasive approach with a slow rhythm, monotonous and repetitive, may have inducing-sleep or relaxation effect. Method. The present study was a clinical trial conducted in 2014. The samples consisted of 72 patients with acute coronary syndrome admitted to coronary care unit of hospitals affiliated with Tehran University of Medical Sciences. They were selected using the simple random sampling method and divided into experimental (n=36) and control (n=36) group. The quality of sleep was measured in the beginning of hospitalization and three days after admision, and the quantity of sleep was measured all the three days using the Pittsburgh sleep quality index and the sleep log quantity indices in experimental and control group. The intervention was implemented in the form of playing instrumental music in headphones since the first night of hospitalization for a three-night time span (45 minutes a night) in the beginning of the patients’ sleep. Data were analyzed by SPSS software, version 16, using descriptive and inferential statistics (chi-square, fisher's exact test, independent samples T test). Findings. According to the findings, the mean change in the sleep quality score, before and after intervention, and sleep quantity at the three nights of hospitalization were significantly different between experimental and control group (p<0.0001). Conclusion. The instrumental music can be effective in improving patients’ sleep quality and quantity. Therefore, nurses can benefit from this non-pharmacological method in their daily care to improve their patients’ sleep.

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Aim. This study aimed to compare the effects of Swedish massage and preferredmusic intervention on anxiety in patients with chronic heart failure.

 

Background. Anxiety can affect the comfort and health of patients.One of the goals of nursing care is providing comfort for patients. Use of complementary therapies including Swedish massage and preferred music can be effective in improving anxiety.

 

Method. This quasi-experimental study with pre-test post-test design with control group was conducted in Doctor Shariati Hospital of Tehran University of Medical Sciences. In this study, in each group (control, Swedish massage and music intervention), 30 hospitalized patients with chronic heart failure were recruitedthrough convenience sampling. Then, patients were allocated to groups by simple randomization. Data were collected by Spielberger anxiety assessment questionnaire. Swedish massage was conducted daily for 20 minutes at evening for three consecutive days by using almond oil. In music group, patient’s' preferred music including two of the three types of classical, gentle and Iranian traditional music was played for 20 minutes at evening for 3 sequential days by a tape recorder and headphone. Before and 15 minutes after intervention, patients' anxiety was measured and compared. Data were analyzed in SPSS version 21 using ANOVA, Paired t test, Fisher’s exact test.

 

Findings. The results showed that patients' preferred music and Swedish massage significantly reduced anxiety in patients with chronic heart failure, although Swedish massage reduced anxiety of patients' with chronic heart failure more than music intervention (p<0.0001)

 

Conclusion. The findings indicated that patients who received Swedish massage experienced lower levels of anxiety. Regarding the importance of anxiety control in patients with heart disease, it is proposed that Swedish massage can be used in the care of these patients and it is preferred to the music intervention.

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Abstract

Aim. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of music therapy on ventilation criteria in mechanically ventilated patients in the intensive care unit.

Background. Complications made by mechanical ventilation are so much and considerable. Improvement of ventilation criteria is one of the factors that facilitatesweaning from mechanical ventilation.

Method. This randomized controlled trial was conducted in intensive care units of a teaching hospital affiliated to Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Seventy patients were recruited based on inclusion criteria and randomly allocated to experimental (n=35) and control (n=35) groups. For experimental group, relaxing music therapy was played with headphone for 30 minutes, once in the morning and once in the afternoon for one day. For control group, headphone was used without music for 30 minutes, once in the morning and once in the afternoon for one day. In both groups, ventilation criteria of respiratory rate, peak airway pressure and arterial saturation of oxygen (SaO2) were recorded in four intervals. Data analysis was performed in SPSS version 18 using statistical test.

Findings. Comparing of trends of ventilation criteria in experimental group showed that music therapy significantly reduced the mean respiratory rate (p= 0.0001), while in the control group, the mean respiratory rate slightly increased with time. In experimental group, the mean airway pressure reduced significantly within 30 minutes (17.30±3.65) compared with the time zero (19.68±3.64) (p=0.001). In the control group, the mean airway pressure increased slightly. The amount of spo2 did not differ significantly between experimental and control group (P=0.051).

Conclusion. Implementing music therapy in mechanically ventilated patients admitted to intensive care unit can reduce respiratory rate and maximum airway pressure. These could reduce the work of breathing and facilitate weaning the patient from ventilators.

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