Abstract
Aim. This study aimed to investigate the effect of telenursing on adherence to treatment in adolescents undergoing cardiac surgery.
Background. Congenital Heart Disease (CHD) has a significant global prevalence and a large number of patients undergo cardiac surgery every year. Adherence to treatment is essential to achieve the expected outcomes of surgery.
Method. This study was a quasi-experimental before-after study with control groups that was conducted in the year 2020. A total of 70 adolescents referred to a university cardiovascular medical and research center in Tehran, Iran, were recruited based on the inclusion criteria and then, randomly assigned to experimental (n=35) and control (n=35) group. The experimental group received a telenursing services via WhatsApp messenger for one month. Modanloo's questionnaire of adherence to treatment was used to collect the data. Data were analyzed in SPSS V-20 using descriptive and inferential statistics.
Findings. There was no statistically significant difference between the experimental and control groups in terms of demographic variables. Before intervention, the mean score of adherence to treatment in the experimental and control groups was 71.67±6.97 and 71.77±7.89, respectively, which were not statistically different. After intervention, the mean score of adherence to treatment in the experimental and control group changed by 15.17 and -2.49, respectively, and the difference between the groups was found to be highly significant (P≤0.0001).
Conclusion. According to the findings, telenursing improved adherence to the treatment. Therefore, it is recommended to provide the ground to take the benefits of this approach through increasing public information and awareness and empowering the nursing staff.

Abstract
Aim. The aim of this study was to compare hope and anxiety between adolescents with a parent with chronic heart disease and adolescents with a parent with type 2 diabetes.
Background. Chronic illness in parents is associated with developing problems such as decreased hope and anxiety for children.
Method. The present study was a descriptive cross-sectional comparative study in which 120 adolescents either with a parent with chronic heart failure or with a parent with diabetes type 2 were recruited by convenience sampling. Schneider's hope scale and Beck anxiety questionnaire were used to collect the data. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics in SPSS software version 24.
Findings. The total hope score in adolescents with parents with chronic heart failure and adolescents with parents with type 2 diabetes was respectively 28.70±5.01 and 31.40±4.20. Sixty percent of adolescents with a parent with chronic heart disease had the lowest anxiety level, 25 percent experience mild anxiety, 10 percent reported moderate anxiety, and 5 percent experience severe anxiety. Ninety and five percent of adolescents with parents with diabetes showed the lowest anxiety, 3.3 percent experienced mild anxiety and 1.7 percent reported moderate anxiety.
Conclusion. Adolescents with a parent with chronic heart disease have significantly higher levels of anxiety than adolescents with a parent with diabetes type 2, and there is a significant difference between their overall hope score. Because anxiety and hope can affect all aspects of a person's life, therefore, the implementation of educational and behavioral interventions to improve anxiety and hope is recommended.