Abstract
Aim. The aim of this review was to investigate the role of Catecholamines in the pathogenesis of Takotsubo cardiomyopathy and related nursing care.
Background. Takotsubo cardiomyopathy is an acute syndrome characterized by acute reversible systolic dysfunction of the apical and middle segments of the left ventricle in the absence of significant coronary artery occlusion. It is believed that emotional and physical stressors are the main drivers for the disease. Despite many years of efforts to better understand this disorder, current knowledge is limited, but several authors have agreed on the relationship between Catecholamines and the development of this syndrome.
Method. This study was carried out by searching the databases and search engines (PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science) to find full text articles published between 2014-2018 using the keywords "Broken heart syndrome", "Apical ballooning syndrome", "Takotsubo cardiomyopathy", "Stress-induced cardiomyopathy", “Catecholamines”, “Nursing” and “Nursing care”. Of 392 articles, 21 were included in the study.
Findings. Among the various hypotheses, Catecholamine-induced microvascular dysfunction is currently the most accepted hypothesis. Stressful stimuli can increase the activity of the Hypothalamus-Pituitary- Adrenal axis and release Catecholamine. If Catecholamines are the leading cause of Takotsubo cardiomyopathy, it is quite possible that prescribing exogenous Catecholamines cause this condition.
Conclusion. Although many studies have attributed some of the Catecholamine toxicity to the pathophysiology of Takotsubo cardiomyopathy, due to the potential impact on current treatment strategies, further study is required. Due to cardiovascular side effects, the use of Catecholamines for therapeutic purposes requires more evidence. Regarding the similarity of the symptoms of this syndrome with myocardial ischemia, nursing care in this type of cardiomyopathy is very important.

Abstract
Aim. The present study was conducted to examine the effect of an empowerment program on the life satisfaction of patients with coronary artery disease.
Background. Because of the chronic and progressive nature of coronary artery disease, patients suffer frequent problems and relapses. Heart disease is considered as one of the debilitating diseases, and as such adversely affects the patient's self-care, quality of life, and health status.
Method. In this randomized clinical trial, 84 people with coronary artery disease, admitted to post-CCU wards in Tehran's Center for Heart diseases, were recruited in 2017. The study subjects were selected based on inclusion criteria. After explaining the study objectives and obtaining written signed consents, patients were assigned to experimental and control groups by blocking random allocation. Both groups completed questionnaires for demographic data and disease history, and Life Engagement Test. The Magic Empowerment Program was performed for experimental group as three workshop sessions for three consecutive days. Intervention continued after patients' discharge from the hospital through phone calls once a week for eight weeks. The Life Engagement Test was completed by the researcher for both groups, data were analyzed in SPSS-16 using descriptive and inferential statistics.
Findings. The results showed no statistically significant difference between groups in terms of demographic variables and disease history. Before intervention, there was no statistically significant difference between the mean scores of life satisfaction of experimental and control group and the two groups were homogeneous. After intervention, a statistically significant difference was observed between the groups in mean score of Life Engagement (P≤0.0001). The mean score of life satisfaction in experimental group, before and after the intervention was statistically significant (P≤0.0001), while in the control group there was no statistically significant difference.
Conclusion. The empowerment program increased life satisfaction of patients with coronary artery disease. Nurses can benefit from the empowerment program to improve life satisfaction, which is one of the dimensions of psychosocial health, in these patients.

Abstract
Aim. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of stress-based mindfulness therapy on psychological well-being and Covid-19 anxiety in people with cardiovascular disease in Karaj, Iran.
Background. During the Covid-19 pandemic, people with cardiovascular disease have had many problems in the field of psychological health including anxiety. One of the effective modalities to manage anxiety is mindfulness therapy that potentially reduces stress and may affects psychological well-being.
Method. This was a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest study with a control group. The statistical population of the study included all women with cardiovascular disease in Karaj, Iran. Thirty people of the target population were selected by convenience sampling and randomly assigned to experimental and control group (15 people in each group). The research instruments included psychological well-being questionnaire (1989) and Corona anxiety questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics (multivariate and univariate analysis of covariance) in SPSS software version 19.
Findings The results showed the effect of stress-based mindfulness on psychological well-being and Corona anxiety in women with cardiovascular disease (p≤0.0001). The intervention explained 43% of the variance of psychological well-being and 24% of the Corona anxiety.
Conclusion. Considering the effectiveness of stress-based mindfulness therapy on psychological well-being and Corona anxiety in people with cardiovascular disease, it is suggested to apply this treatment method in psychological clinics and health centers to improve mental health.

Abstract
Aim. The aim of this study was to review the cardiovascular disorders and complications caused by COVID-19.
Background. Coronavirus (COVID-19) disease is a viral disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The virus was first discovered in Wuhan, China, and was declared a global pandemic due to its widespread prevalence. So far, about 500 million cases of and 6 million deaths from the disease have been reported worldwide. SARS-CoV-2 mainly causes respiratory problems, and fever, cough, shortness of breath, myalgia, fatigue and diarrhea are common symptoms of the disease. COVID-19 also causes cardiovascular disorders, which due to the importance of the impact of these disorders on the health of people in the community, in this article, studies and research conducted in this field were reviewed.
Method. The keywords “Covid-19”, “Coronavirus”, and “Cardiovascular complication” were searched out in databases, Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar. Out of 84 articles that were found the more relevant ones to the research topic were selected. After reviewing the studies thoroughly, 33 papers that were in line with the purpose of the study were selected and reviewed.
Findings. Studies and findings have shown that COVID-19 can cause cardiovascular complications such as cardiac arrhythmias, acute coronary syndrome, acute myocardial injury, myocarditis and heart failure.
Conclusion. Given the prevalence of COVID-19 and its high prevalence worldwide, it is important to be familiar with the cardiovascular disorders caused by the disease and how to treat and manage these disorders.