Abstract
Aim. The aim of this study was to compare hope and anxiety between adolescents with a parent with chronic heart disease and adolescents with a parent with type 2 diabetes.
Background. Chronic illness in parents is associated with developing problems such as decreased hope and anxiety for children.
Method. The present study was a descriptive cross-sectional comparative study in which 120 adolescents either with a parent with chronic heart failure or with a parent with diabetes type 2 were recruited by convenience sampling. Schneider's hope scale and Beck anxiety questionnaire were used to collect the data. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics in SPSS software version 24.
Findings. The total hope score in adolescents with parents with chronic heart failure and adolescents with parents with type 2 diabetes was respectively 28.70±5.01 and 31.40±4.20. Sixty percent of adolescents with a parent with chronic heart disease had the lowest anxiety level, 25 percent experience mild anxiety, 10 percent reported moderate anxiety, and 5 percent experience severe anxiety. Ninety and five percent of adolescents with parents with diabetes showed the lowest anxiety, 3.3 percent experienced mild anxiety and 1.7 percent reported moderate anxiety.
Conclusion. Adolescents with a parent with chronic heart disease have significantly higher levels of anxiety than adolescents with a parent with diabetes type 2, and there is a significant difference between their overall hope score. Because anxiety and hope can affect all aspects of a person's life, therefore, the implementation of educational and behavioral interventions to improve anxiety and hope is recommended.

Abstract
Aim. The present study was performed to examine the effect of virtual reality therapy training on Covid-19 anxiety in patients with hypertension in Corona pandemic.
Background. In addition to numerous physical problems, Covid-19 has had many psychological consequences such as stress and anxiety, especially in the community of chronic patients, including patients with hypertension. Therefore, appropriate interventions to reduce Covid-19 anxiety in patients with hypertension are essential.
Method. The present study was a quasi-experimental with a pretest-posttest design and a control group. The statistical population of the study consisted of all patients with hypertension referred to Ardakan Heart Clinic, Yazd, Iran. Using the available sampling method and according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 60 people were selected and randomly allocated to experimental (n=30) and control (n=30) group. Both groups completed the Alipour’s et al. (1398) Covid-19 questionnaire in the pre-test and post-test stages. The experimental group received the training in 6 sessions of one hour duration. Then, both groups completed the research questionnaires again in the post-test stage. Data were analyzed in SPSS version 26 using descriptive and inferential statistics.
Findings. After intervention, there was a statistically significant difference between the experimental and control group in terms of the mean scores of Covid-19 anxiety (P≤0.0001, F=110.807), psychological dimension of Covid-19 anxiety (P≤0.0001, F=78.30), and the physical dimension of Covid-19 anxiety (P≤0.0001, F=94.27).
Conclusion. Implementing virtual education intervention program with the content of reality therapy can reduce anxiety and its psychological and physical dimensions in people with hypertension.

Abstract
Aim. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of stress-based mindfulness therapy on psychological well-being and Covid-19 anxiety in people with cardiovascular disease in Karaj, Iran.
Background. During the Covid-19 pandemic, people with cardiovascular disease have had many problems in the field of psychological health including anxiety. One of the effective modalities to manage anxiety is mindfulness therapy that potentially reduces stress and may affects psychological well-being.
Method. This was a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest study with a control group. The statistical population of the study included all women with cardiovascular disease in Karaj, Iran. Thirty people of the target population were selected by convenience sampling and randomly assigned to experimental and control group (15 people in each group). The research instruments included psychological well-being questionnaire (1989) and Corona anxiety questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics (multivariate and univariate analysis of covariance) in SPSS software version 19.
Findings The results showed the effect of stress-based mindfulness on psychological well-being and Corona anxiety in women with cardiovascular disease (p≤0.0001). The intervention explained 43% of the variance of psychological well-being and 24% of the Corona anxiety.
Conclusion. Considering the effectiveness of stress-based mindfulness therapy on psychological well-being and Corona anxiety in people with cardiovascular disease, it is suggested to apply this treatment method in psychological clinics and health centers to improve mental health.

Abstract
Aim. This study was conducted to compare the effect of positivism education and health promoting lifestyle education on psychological well-being and health anxiety in people with cardiovascular disease.
Background. People with cardiovascular disease have problems in the terms of psychological well-being and health anxiety and positivism education and health promoting lifestyle education are likely to be effective in improving psychological well-being and health anxiety.
Method: The present study was a semi-experimental study with pre-test and post-test design with a control group. The study population consisted of people with cardiovascular disease who referred to Golestan Hospital of Ahvaz city, Iran, in 2021. Sixty people were recruited by purposive sampling method based on inclusion criteria and randomly assigned to three equal groups. Experimental groups separately underwent 8 sessions of 90-minute duration by positivism education and health promoting lifestyle education, respectively, and during this time the control group did not receive any intervention. Data were collected by the demographic information form, short form health anxiety inventory and psychological well-being revisited questionnaire, and were analyzed by Chi-square, univariate analysis of variance, multivariate analysis of covariance and Bonferroni post-hoc test in SPSS-19 software.
Findings. The findings showed that the experimental and control groups did not significantly differ in terms of gender, education level, age and duration of cardiovascular disease. Both methods of positivism education and health promoting lifestyle education were effective in improving psychological well-being and health anxiety in people with cardiovascular disease (P≤0.0001), but there was no statistically significant difference between the intervention methods in improving psychological well-being and health anxiety.
Conclusion. The effect of both methods of positivism education and health promoting lifestyle education on improving psychological well-being and health anxiety was confirmed and there was no significant difference between these methods in improving psychological well-being and health anxiety. Therefore, health professionals and therapists can use both methods to improve health-related characteristics.
 

Abstract
Aim. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of cognitive-behavioral therapy on depression, anxiety, and stress in patients after coronary artery bypass graft surgery.
Background. Coronary artery bypass graft surgery, like other surgeries, is stressful for the patient, and depression, anxiety, and stress are common important disorders in these patients. In this regard, one of the effective psychotherapy methods to reduce negative psychological factors and prevent recurrence of the disease is cognitive-behavioral therapy.
Method. The design of the present study was quasi-experimental with a pretest-posttest design with a control group. The statistical population of the study included all patients after coronary artery bypass graft surgery in selected AJA hospital in Tehran, Iran. Based on convenience sampling, 30 people were selected and randomly allocated to experimental (n=15) and control (n=15) group. They responded to the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Questionnaire (DASS-21) and underwent 15 sessions of psychotherapy. The experimental and control group were homogeneous in terms of age, education, as well as duration of hospital stay and absence of other chronic diseases. The univariate analysis of covariance was performed using SPSS-23.
Findings. The results showed that depression, anxiety and stress of the experimental group significantly reduced in the post-test compared to those of control group.
Conclusion. In addition to medical interventions, cognitive-behavioral therapy can also be used for patients after coronary artery bypass graft surgery to reduce depression, anxiety and stress and prevent recurrence of the disease. Special attention can also be paid to the psychological factors that cause or exacerbate cardiovascular disease.

Abstract
Aim. The present study was conducted with the aim of comparing the effect of the cognitive behavioral group therapy based on mindful walking with the dialectical behavior therapy on psychological symptoms, quality of life and blood pressure in people with hypertension.
Background. High blood pressure can cause kidney failure and eye problems. High blood pressure is a health problem in industrialized and developing countries due to its high prevalence and association with cardiovascular diseases.
Method. The present study was conducted based on a semi-experimental pre-test post-test design with two experimental groups and one control group. Out of 87 volunteers, 45 patients were allocated to three groups based on random sampling. Data collection tools were the Beck Depression Questionnaires (1960), the Beck Anxiety Questionnaire (1990), and the World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire. Cognitive-behavioral group therapy based on the Leahy Group Conscious Mind Walk (2011) and Dialectical Behavior therapy (Linehan, 1993) were implemented as interventions. Data were collected and analyzed in SPSS version 22 using descriptive and inferential statistics.
Findings. The results indicated a statistically significant difference of the effects of the two interventions with control group in terms of depression, anxiety, quality of life, and blood pressure (P≤0.0001). Also, the cognitive behavioral group therapy based on mindful walking had a greater effect on the quality of life and blood pressure of hypertensive patients compared with the dialectical behavior therapy.
Conclusion. To improve the quality of life and reduce the blood pressure of hypertensive patients, it is better to benefit from the cognitive behavioral group therapy based on mindful walking and to reduce the cognitive symptoms (depression and anxiety) of hypertensive patients, dialectical behavior therapy is beneficial.

Abstract
Aim. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship of sleep quality and perceived stress with depression in women with acute myocardial infarction and anxiety symptoms.
Background. Depression is a common disorder with a lifetime prevalence of about 15 percent, and today it is considered the main cause of disability worldwide and ranks fourth among the ten main causes of the global burden of disease, which is characterized by long-term periods, a variety of symptoms. It is accompanied by a high rate of recurrence and many physical and mental disorders.
Method. Descriptive-correlational research design was selected for conducting the study. Statistical population included the women with acute heart attack living in Tehran in year 2022. Seventy people who scored higher than average in the anxiety questionnaire were selected as the research sample. The tools of data collection in this research were anxiety, depression, sleep quality and perceived stress questionnaires.
Findings. The results showed that there was a positive and statistically significant relationship between sleep quality and negative perceived stress and depression, and also a negative and statistically significant relationship was found between positive perceived stress and depression. Sleep quality, negative perceived stress, and positive perceived stress could predict respectively 0.18, 0.20, and 0.08 of changes in depression score.
Conclusions. Sleep problems can cause psychological distress and decrease concentration in people, so it can be expected that an increase in sleep problems can reduce a person's energy, and by increasing anxiety, it can cause an increase in psychological problems such as depression. Therefore, people who suffer from heart disease often endure a high level of anxiety due to the risk of the disease, which can be associated with increased sleep problems, thus leading to depression in them.

Abstract
Aim. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of mindfulness training on Corona anxiety in patients with Covid-19 and underlying cardiovascular disease in Imam Ali Hospital, Amol, Iran.
Background. Since its outbreak, the corona virus has shown that it defeats more people with underlying diseases and puts them at risk of death than those who have a healthy body.
Method. This was a quasi-experimental study with control group. The accecible population of this research was all corona patients with a history of cardiovascular disease in Imam Ali Hospital, Amol, Iran, in 2021-2022. Sampling was done from the patients admitted to the hospital based on convenience sampling method. To collect information, the Corona Virus Anxiety Questionnaire developed by Alipour et al. (2018) was used. Mindfulness training based on Kabat-Zinn (2005) educational plan was implemented in experimental group in 8 sessions of 2-hour duration per week.
Findings. The results of multivariate covariance analysis showed that mindfulness training has an effect on reducing anxiety of Corona in patients with Covid-19 and underlying cardiovascular disease to the extent of 0.87 (p≤0.001). Univariate covariance analysis showed that mindfulness training has an effect on reducing the mental symptoms of Corona anxiety in patients with Covid-19 and underlying cardiovascular disease to the extent of 0.83 (p≤0.001). Also, mindfulness training has an effect on reducing physical symptoms of Corona anxiety in patients with Covid-19 and underlying cardiovascular disease by 0.79 (p≤0.001).
Conclusion. Mindfulness exercises can enable patients with Covid-19 and underlying cardiovascular disease to pause and reflect a little before responding, and these pauses provide them with an opportunity. It allows them to get rid of judgment in many situations that can lead to anger, fear and anxiety. This will provide conditions that patients, even in the worst and acute state of their illness, are more likely to be able to maintain their mental peace and thereby, reduce the physical signs and symptoms of anxiety.