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Malahat Nikravan-Mofrad, Sima Zohari Anboohi, Volume 1, Issue 4 (3-2013)
Abstract
Abstract Aim. This study examined the effect of using simulation training method on enabling student nurses in advanced pre-hospital care. Background. Disaster nursing includes especial operational skills to manage disasters victims. These skills mainly include advanced pre-hospital care. To teach these skills, simulation in workshop environment is one of the most valuable and effective methods, one type of which is the use of live models in scenarios of various events that can be implemented and practiced in simulated environment. Method. This study was conducted by a quasi-experimental design in which 7 30th semester student nurses were recruited by census sampling and undergone training by simulation method. In this study, three tools (questionnaire, clinical evaluation form, and self-assessment form) were used. The data were managed and analyzed by SPSS, version 16. Findings. At the end of workshop in a simulated environment, %100 of students scored at good level. Also, in terms of pre-hospital skills, %100 of students scored at proficient level. In addition, after the workshop, %100 of students evaluated themselves at completely dominant level. Conclusion. The results of this study indicate that training by simulation method can teach student nurses the knowledge and necessary skills for pre-hospital emergency care in the best way. Besides, it can improve students' self-assessment on their capabilities.
Esmat Ataee, Majid Haghjoo, Asghar Dalvandi, Hooman Bakhshandeh, Volume 1, Issue 4 (3-2013)
Abstract
Abstract Aim. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of self-care education on quality of life in patients following pacemaker implantation. Background. One of the most common causes of death after myocardial infarction is arrhythmia resistant to treatment. This type of arrhythmia can be managed by pacemaker. The quality of life after pacemaker implantation is usually low, and self-care education may be a method to address this issue. Method. In a randomized clinical trial study, 80 patients, candidate for permanent pacemaker implantation at Rajaie Cardiovascular, Medical and Research Center, were recruited to either control or experimental group through the blocked randomization. Data were collected using demographic form and the MacNew health-related quality of life questionnaire. The experimental group patients, in accompany with one first-degree relative, received one session of self-care education on the preimplantation day. The content of this 30 minutes session was "how to use educational footage and pamphlets, and also, a face-to-face education. At the end of the session, the patients were given an "educational package". Following implantation, the experimental group patients were contacted once a week for one-month period. The data were analyzed by SPSS, version 15, using inferential statistics. Results. There were no statistically significant difference between the experimental and control groups in the mean scores of emotional, physical, and social aspects of quality of life and overall quality of life, before self-care education however, after intervention, a statistically significant difference was found in all these variables between experimental and control groups (P=0.004). Conclusion. Self-care education could have an effect on the quality of life of patients after permanent pacemaker implantation.
Abbas-Ali Gaini, Ali Nazari, Arezoo Tabrizi, Abolfazl Farahani, Volume 1, Issue 4 (3-2013)
Abstract
Abstract Aim. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of -8week aerobic training on serum levels of high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) in high school male students with different Body Mass Indexes (BMI). Background. The low-grade chronic inflammation, which is characterized by increased levels of inflammatory markers in blood (such as CRP, Interleukin 6) is a strong risk factor for some chronic diseases. The hs-CRP is the most sensitive marker of inflammation and independent predicator of cardiovascular diseases and increase in hs-CRP levels are associated with obesity and cardiovascular diseases. The effect of aerobic training on hs-CRP of adolescents with different BMIs needs further investigation. Method. In this quasi-experimental study, 24 healthy and non-athlete boys (mean age, 16.33 and standard deviation, 0.47 years) were divided into three groups "thin, normal, and overweight or obese" according to their BMI. The training program included -8week (three sessions per week) progressive aerobic running at intensities of %75-60 of maximal heart rate. To determine changes in hs-CRP levels, the blood samples were collected before and after training program in the identical conditions. Findings. Training program had no significant effect on hs-CRP levels in all groups. There was a statistically significant difference in hs-CRP levels between obese group and the other two groups in esponse to training program, both before and after intervention. Conclusion. Eight-week aerobic training did not have a significant effect on hs-CRP of the subjects, likely due to insufficient intensity and duration of exercise training and low baseline hs-CRP levels. Decreased hs-CRP levels in obese group, compared with other groups, was likely due to the obesity status and higher baseline hs-CRP levels.
Sima Hashemy, Masoomeh Zakerimoghadam, Volume 1, Issue 4 (3-2013)
Abstract
Abstract Aim. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of muscle relaxation and music therapy on anxiety level in patients waiting for cardiac catheterization. Background. Anxiety is one of the most common human emotions from positive or negative experiences of life. High levels of anxiety have many unwanted effects on the body systems. In stressful situations such as invasive diagnostic techniques, the person experiences high level of anxiety. One of the main responsibilities of nurses is to control anxiety in patients with pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods. Method. This quasi-experimental study was conducted in one hospital affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Science. After obtaining approval and written consent, 150 patients, waiting for cardiac catheterization, were randomly divided into three groups of muscle relaxation, music therapy and control. Data were collected by demographic form and self-report form of anxiety through interview. One hour before cardiac catheterization, the level of anxiety was measured in all groups, then, muscle relaxation group was asked to perform Benson muscle relaxation for 20 minutes based on listening to a recorded tape of guidance by headphone. At the same time, the music therapy group listened to music tape by headphone. Control group received no intervention but standard nursing care. Immediately before cardiac catheterization, the level of anxiety was measured again in all groups. Data were analyzed by SPSS using Fisher exact test, Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests. Findings. Immediately before catheterization, patients' anxiety level was significantly reduced (p<0.001) in muscle relaxation and music therapy groups, while it increased in the control group. Immediately before catheterization, a statistical significant difference was found between levels of anxiety in groups (p<0.001). Conclusion. Both Benson muscle relaxation and music therapy significantly reduced anxiety level of patients and music therapy had more effect on the anxiety level of patients waiting for cardiac catheterization.
Hussein Karimi-Mooneghi, Mohammad Mojalli, Volume 1, Issue 4 (3-2013)
Abstract
Abstract Aim. The aim of this review study was to describe psychosocial problems in patients with coronary artery disease and determine strategies to prevent and deal with. Background. The prevalence of cardiovascular diseases is rising in industrial and developing countries. According to the report of World Health Organization, cardiovascular diseases are accounted for a large percentage of mortalities. The most common cardiovascular disease is coronary artery disease that produces problems for people and worries in community. Method. A systematic search was conducted on studies published in the last 20 years by using databases such as OVID, PROQUEST, SCIENCE DIRECT, GOOGLE SCHOLAR, EBSCO, SID, MAGIRAN and IRAN MEDEX with keywords such as problems, patients, coronary artery disease and related keywords. Because the aim of this study was describing the psychosocial problems of patients after coronary artery disease, physical problems was excluded. Findings. About 70 article in English and 20 articles in Persian were found about psychosocial problems after coronary artery disease. Patients' problems were categorized in three categories: educational needs of patients with coronary artery disease, consequences of psychosocial outcomes of coronary artery disease, and different consequences for men and women with coronary artery disease. Conclusion. Because the heart is a sensitive organ, any heart disease can jeopardize patient identity, and psychosocial effects of heart disease is more prominent than physical effects. So, it is necessary to inform patients about the nature of disease and its causes, and how to implement secondary prevention and rehabilitation to return to work and normal life. Accordingly, continuous care for self-care is of great importance. This can be established by community-based clinics for secondary prevention. Especial attention to issues of women with coronary artery disease is essential.
Jamaleddin Begjani, Volume 1, Issue 4 (3-2013)
Abstract
Abstract Aim. The aim of this review study is to introduce the cardiac resynchronization therapy through biventricular pacing in treatment of heart failure. Background. More than 22 million peoples worldwide suffer from congestive heart failure (CHF). As a result of the lack of synchronized contraction, both within and between the ventricles, blood moves through the heart and body at a slower rate. Heart failure impacts on almost all aspects of the quality of life of patients, particularly on mobility. Despite treatment advances such as lifestyle changes, medication and heart surgery, up to %40 of patients with CHF suffer an arrhythmia that further reduces the heart’s ability to beat properly. Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy (CRT) is a new, adjunctive and effective therapy that can relieve CHF symptoms by improving the synchronization of the heart’s contractions. Findings. According to the studies, after BVP, heart contractility, and left ventricular ejection fraction and stroke volume increase, the incidence of cardiac arrhythmias decreases and some aspects of quality of life such as exercise tolerance improves. Conclusion. Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) along with other medical options can be safely performed and can relieve CHF symptoms by improving the coordination of the heart’s contractions.
Kamran Farhadi, Faezeh Ghaemipour, Melahat Nikravan, Hamid Alavimajd, Volume 2, Issue 1 (6-2013)
Abstract
Abstract Aim. The aim of this study was to determine the current quality of triage in intensive care units for patients admitted to hospital emergency departments in ShahidBeheshti University of Medical Sciences in 2012. Background. Accurate and rapid patient triage in emergency departments is the key to a successful performance. The study and understanding of the current condition and evaluation of the educational needs of triage nurses are highly important. Method. This study is a retrospective descriptive study in which the data were gathered via in a list of ESI triage forms. To determine the content validity of data collection tools was used. In this study, the reliability of the test listed under triage nurse was both between observers and reliability with Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) : 0.857 was specified. Findings. In this study,23% of the case were undertriage and 11.7% were overtriage.The most of undertriage cases was level 3 based on Emergency Severity Index (ESI) system. There is a direct correlation between the mortality and hospitalization in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) and undertriage. Conclusion. There was no statistically significant difference between proper triage and undertriage cases in mean length of hospital stay, duration of hospitalization and emergency department waiting time for the first visit of the emergency physician.
, , , , , , Volume 2, Issue 1 (6-2013)
Abstract
Abstract Aim. The aim of this study was to investigate anthropometric indices in acute myocardial infarction patients and their relationship with some coronary heart disease risk factors. Background. Several studies showed that not only the quantity, but also the distribution of the fat mass is important, because increased visceral fat tissue deposition is a risk factor for cardio-metabolic diseases. Method. In this cross-sectional study with a descriptive correlational design, 140 patients with acute myocardial infarction were selected from cardiac care unit of Shariati and Rajaei hospital in Karaj, 2009. The sampling method was convenience. Demographic data and history of cardiovascular risk factors were collected through interview, and some medical information were reviewed from medical records, anthropometric indices were measured by balance scale and meter tape. Data were analyzed using SPSS software and using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA and Pearson coefficient correlation. Findings. Neck circumference of 46.6% of men was over 40cm and 33.3% of women more than 37cm. Also, 53.9% of men and 74.1% of women had a waist circumference above 95 cm. Waist-to-hip ratio of 66.4% of men over 0.95 and 66.7% of women over 0.90. Waist-to-height ratio of 61.9%% of men over 0.55 and 66.7% of women over 0.62. Also, 13.3% of males and 29.6% of women had a BMI above 30 kg/m².There were significant positive correlation between triglyceride levels with neck circumference (p=0.006), waist circumference (p<0.001), waist-to-height ratio (p<0.001) and BMI (p<0.001), between cholesterol with neck circumference (p=0.009), waist circumference (p=0.001), waist-to-height ratio (p=0.003) and BMI (p<0.001), between LDL with waist circumference (P=0.005), waist-to-height ratio (p=0.014) and between glucose with waist-to-height (p=0.038). HDL had negative correlation with Waist-to-hip ratio (p<0.001) and waist-to-height ratio (p=0.001). Conclusion. More than half of myocardial infarction patients had central obesity. Central obesity is associated with cardiovascular risk factors. It Seems that lifestyle change and weight loss are to be considered during cardiac rehabilitation programs for myocardial infarction patients with overweight and obesity for reduces cardiovascular risk factors.
Zahra Taheri-Kharameh, Yaser Saeid, Abbas Ebadi, Volume 2, Issue 1 (6-2013)
Abstract
Abstract Aim. This study was conducted to evaluate the relationship between religious coping style and quality of life in patients with coronary artery disease. Background.Nowadays, beliefs and religious coping are considered as a significant factor in the development of psychological comfort and personal adaptation in patients with chronic diseases. Methods. This descriptive-correlational study was conducted on 100 inpatients and outpatients with coronary artery disease in two selected teaching hospitals in Qom. Convenience sampling method was used to select patients. Short form 36 health survey questionnaire (SF-36) and Pargament religious coping styles were used for data collection. Results. The mean and standard deviation Scores for positive and negative religious coping style were respectively 23.36 (3.88) and 10.80 (3.91).Among patients, 54.2% had high scores on positive religious coping strategies and 40.6% had high scores on negative religious coping strategies.Regarding to quality of life ,there was statistically significant relationship between positive religious coping styles and physical pain (r=0.24, P<0.05) and inverse significant relationship between negative religious coping styles and social functioning and mental health (r=0.29, P<0.01). Conclusion. Accordingly, teaching of coping skills focusing on strengthening religious coping styles in routine care of coronary artery patients may improve the quality of life and health status in these patients.
, , , , Volume 2, Issue 1 (6-2013)
Abstract
Abstract Aim.The aim of this study was to compare the eight weeks of combined and aerobic training on body composition and strength in cardiac patient post- coronary artery bypass graft. Background. Cardiac rehabilitation improves fitness and clinical status in cardiac patients after coronary artery bypass. Methods. In this randomized clinical trial, 20 cardiac patients under CABG surgery in Tehran Heart Center were randomly divided into two groups, combined and aerobic training. The protocols of combined group included two movements of the upper limbs (Pectoralis Major and Deltoid muscles) and two movements of the lower limbs (quadriceps and Hamstring muscles) by 3 sets/10Rep and aerobic group with 60-85 minute exercises at 70-85% peak HR in three sessions per week for 8 weeks. Functional capacity (VO2peak), strength, body weight, BF percentage and WHR were assessed before and after the training protocol. The collected data were analyzed using the Independent and Paired t-tests. Findings. There was an elevation of functional capacity following, combined (p<0.05) and aerobic (p=0.027) training with a significant further increase in the combined group (p=0.016). The strength increased significantly after combined training (p<0.05). The BF percentage with no significant difference between two groups, decreased significantly following the both training protocols (p<0.05). Conclusion. Combined aerobic-resistance training and aerobic training to improve functional capacity in Post CABG cardiac disease.However, Combined aerobic and resistance training is more effective than aerobic training in improving the functional capacity (cardiovascular fitness) and strength.
, , , , , Volume 2, Issue 1 (6-2013)
Abstract
Abstract Aim. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of Progressive Muscle Relaxation Technique (PMRT) on nurses' insomnia in Tehran Heart Center . Background. Insomnia is a highly prevalent health complaint in adults in recent century, which make some nurses involved. Pharmacological and cognitive-behavioral therapies are effective for the treatment of insomnia however, the current treatments are associated with side effects and may reduce the level of accuracy. Methods. This was a randomized, controlled clinical trial that involved all nurses of Tehran Heart Center using ISI questionnaire. Among nurses with diagnosis of insomnia,60 people were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The experimental group was taught PMRT and asked to do exercises before sleep, while the control group had no intervention.During a month, performing PMRT was reminded verbally or via short message service. After one month both experimental and control groups were re-evaluated by the ISI questionnaire. Findings. As compared to the control group, the PMRT group had significantly lower post-treatment scores for insomnia severity (p < 0.001). The insomnia severity in the PMRT group was significantly lower than that in the control group. Conclusion. This study showed that PMRT might be effective in reducing insomnia in shift-work nurses with insomnia. This treatment leads to clinically significant sleep improvement within 4 weeks. Follow-up studies are required to find whether these improvements last for a long period of time.
, , , , , , Volume 2, Issue 1 (6-2013)
Abstract
Abstract Aim. This study was done to assess coronary artery angiography results in ACS patients referred to KashanShahidBeheshti hospital. Background.Coronary artery disease is one of the most common diseases with the highest mortality rates in developed and developing countries. Method. This is a cross-sectional study, which was conducted using existent data through convenience sampling of 435 patients. The data were gathered using patient's records using tools including questionnaires and checklist. Variables include age, sex, diagnosis, physician name, left ventricle ejection fraction, dominant side of perfusion of cardiac muscle, type of physician recommendation and involved vessels. Finally, data was statistically analyzed using SPSS software, 16.0. Findings. The results of this study showed 56.1% of cases had mild (non-pathological) disorder and others (43.9%) had a severe stenosis in their coronary arteries. Also, 21% of cases had three vessel disease. Also, left anterior descending artery (LAD) was more stenoticthan the other arteries. Conclusion.According to the results of this study and high frequencies of non pathologic cases, it is recommended that cheaper diagnostic methods such as accurate clinical examination get used for patient selection
, , Volume 2, Issue 1 (6-2013)
Abstract
Abstract Aim.The aim of this study is to review the visiting policies, strategies and potential challenges and their different dimensions in ICUs in different societies. Background. Considering the special needs of patients and their families is one of the essential elements of care in the intensive care units (ICU). Method.This is a comprehensive review of the studies on different policies about visiting patients in intensive care units, based on the scientific database. Findings.The studies show that despite awareness of the role of family care, visiting hours and related policies in ICUs are still limited due to the medical team concerns. While existing research and evidence do not support these concerns. They show open visiting hours have more benefits for patients and families, however visiting hours in some societies are still restricted. Conclusion. The integration of theory, practice and the use of research findings in improving the quality of care of critically ill patients and their families in intensive care units is an important part of care. In practice, it is necessary to change the beliefs and attitudes of nurses in intensive care units. Further studies on opening visiting hours in intensive care units and its effect on treatment process is one of the major issues.
Mona Alinejad-Naeini, Volume 2, Issue 1 (6-2013)
Abstract
Abstract Aim. This paper reviews staff nurses roles in diagnosing and stabilizing neonates with congenital heart disease. Background. Nowadays, development in managing congenital heart defects has increased survival and quality of life among neonates suffering these defects. Many attempts has been made to detect neonatal congenital heart disease before or immediately after birth, but a large number of neonates with heart problems remain undiagnosed before developing severe signs and symptoms. Although mild forms of the disease may subside spontaneously, severe conditions needs prompt management. Method. In this literature review, papers published during the last 15 years, were searched out through search engines and data bases: Science Direct, Google Scholar, Ebsco, Pub Med, Ovid, Proquest by the keywords nursing care, congenital heart disease, neonatal, cardiac, and management. Findings.Twenty three English papers about diagnosis and stabilization of neonatal congenital heart disease and a textbook were selected. The findings are presented within four domains: 1) physical examination, 2) symptoms of disease, 3) management in delivery room and neonatal stabilization, and 4) communication with the parents. Conclusion. Nurses are the first health care members encounter neonates with congenital heart diseases. Early recognition and stabilization of congenital heart disease is the cornerstone of nursing care of neonates suffering this problem.
Hamideh Sarkhil, Ali Darvishpoor-Kakhaki, Ziba Borzabadi-Farahani, Volume 2, Issue 2 (9-2013)
Abstract
Abstract Aim. The aim of this study was the assessment of respecting the patient’s privacy in cardiac care units. Background. Increasing number of people with cardiovascular disease calls for increasing the number of Cardiac Care Units (CCU). The invasive and noninvasive procedures in these units can threaten patient’s privacy. Method. This descriptive analytic study was conducted on 300 patients admitted to cardiac care units of Tehran›s selected hospitals. The patients were selected by convenient sampling method. Data were collected using a questionnaire consisted of two parts, demographics and privacy questionnaire. The data were analyzed by SPSS software. Findings. Based on the findings, 50.7% of the sample were Female. Mean age was 61.5=+11.95 year. Mean scores for respecting privacy dimensions ranged from 68.86% for physical privacy to 80.27% for social privacy. There was a statistically significant association of respecting patients privacy with age, sex, marital status, education and history of hospitalization. Conclusion. Patient s privacy was respected in CCUs, but patient’s privacy is not still respected perfectly. CCU managers should pay more attention to this subject.
Mahmoodreza Taghizadeh, Sajad Ahmadizad, Faribourz Hovanloo, Atousa Akbarinia, Volume 2, Issue 2 (9-2013)
Abstract
Abstract Aim. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of concentric and eccentric isokinetic contractions and subsequent recovery period on the hemodynamic factors in men. Background. Nowadays, with advances in technology and producing the innovative training equipment, performing different resistance exercise protocols for improving the muscular and cardiovascular function is possible. Method. In this quasi-experimental study, ten healthy male subjects were volunteered to participate in the study and performed two protocols of Concentric/Concentric (CON/CON) and Eccentric/Eccentric (ECC/ECC) isokinetic contractions (4 sets, 10 repetitions, 60˚/S) including knee flexion and extension with dominant leg, in two separate sessions. Hemodynamic factors were measured before, immediately and 30 min after exercise. Findings. Statistical analyses of data showed that hemodynamic parameters increased in response to both isokinetic contractions (p<0.001) and decreased following recovery period. Moreover, Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP), Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) and Rate Pressure Product (RPP) responses to two types of contractions (CON/CON and ECC/ECC) were significantly different (p<0.05). Regardless of contraction type, the Rate of Perceived Exertion (RPE) increased significantly from 1st set to 4th set though, these changes were not significantly different between two protocols (p>0.05). Conclusion. Hemodynamic changes in response to CON/CON was higher than ECC/ECC protocol which shows that the acute ECC/ECC is safer than CON/CON protocol.
Jaleh Mohammad Aliha, Nayerreh Behroozi, Hamid Peyrovi, Abbas Mehran, Volume 2, Issue 2 (9-2013)
Abstract
Abstract Aim. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of foot reflexology massage on incisional pain in thoraco-abdominal surgery patients admitted to surgery intensive care unit. Background. Although the most commonly used method of pain relief is pharmacologic, the medications prescribed excessively for severe and chronic pain in patients have side effects and non-pharmacological methods of pain relief may be useful. Method. In this quasi-experimental study, 102 patients within the age range of 25 to 50 years without any other surgical complication, and normal feet which have undergone thoraco-abdomical surgery were enrolled. They were randomly allocated into 3 equal groups: massage group, pseudo-massage group and control group. The pain was measured Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) before, right after, 10 minute and 24 hours after the treatment. Other data was extracted from medical records. The information was analyzed by SPSS using appropriate statistical tests. Findings. According to the findings, there were no statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of age sex marital status educational levels underlying diseases and type, duration and severity of the surgery. The pain score was not significantly different between groups before and right after the intervention. However, 10 minutes and 24 hours after the intervention, pain score was lower in the massage group. The use of pharmacological analgesics had also reduced in the massage group. Conclusion. Foot reflexology was effective on incisional pain after thoraco-abdominal surgery. Nurses can use this intervention to improve patient comfort and decrease pain medications administration in thease patients.
Zahra Shafiee, Sima Babaee, Abdollah Nazari, Vajihe Atashi, Volume 2, Issue 2 (9-2013)
Abstract
Abstract Aim. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of massage therapy on sleep quality of patients after coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG). Background. Poor sleep quality is common among patients following CABG and has been noticeable for more than 30 years. Method. In this quasi-experimental study, 72 patients, who had undergone CABG in Isfahan Chamran Hospital were were recruited. The patients were randomly assigned to the two experimental and control groups. The patients of the experimental group received light pressure stroking massage for 20 minutes in four sessions after the surgery. The patients in control group received only the routine care. The patients› sleep quality was measured before and after the intervention with St Mary›s Hospital Sleep Questionnaire. Data were analyzed by SPSS software, version 18 and descriptive and inferential statistical methods were used for data analysis. Findings. Mean scores for sleep quality before the intervention in the experimental and control groups were 22.5±3.6 and 22±3.8, respectively, and no statistically significant difference seen between them. After the intervention, there was a statistically significant difference between mean scores for sleep quality of the experimental and control groups (11.8±2.8 vs 15.5±4.7) (P<0.001). Conclusion. The use of massage therapy can promote sleep quality of patients after CABG and due to low cost and simplicity it can be used as a complement to drug therapy and postoperative interventions implemented in these patients.
Sara Shahsavari, Farideh Nazari, Mahdi Karimyar Jahromi, Mitra Sadeghi, Volume 2, Issue 2 (9-2013)
Abstract
Abstract Aim. The aim was to describe epidemiologic characteristics of cardiovascular patients admitted to Jahrom hospitals. Background. Cardiovascular disease is the most common cause of death in most countries including Iran. It is the major cause of disability. Cardiovascular disorders are counted as one ofn the most preventable, noncomunicable illnesses in human. Method. In this retrospective descriptive study, 2392 medical records of patients admitted to the hospital in 2012-2013 with a primary diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases were studied. Data were obtained from a checklist with two parts, the first part included demographic information and the second part was about different types of heart disease, cardiovascular risk factors, and duration of hospitalization and outcome of the disease. The data were analyzed using SPSS statistical software. Findings. According to the findings, 53.2% of patients were female, and 46.8% were male. Of the patients, 99% were married and 61.2% were native. The mean age of the sample was 60±12.5 and the majority were in the age range of 42-83 years. The most common cardiovascular disease were angina and hypertension, respectively. Among patients with heart disease, 53.8% died of a sudden heart attack, 5.8% due to cardiac arrhythmias, 5.1% due to congestive heart failure, 3.5% of acute myocardial infarction and 0.5% due to angina. In patients with vascular disease, 8.3% died due to deep vein thrombosis and 2.3% died due to hypertension. Conclusion. With controlling risk factors such as hypertension, smoking, high blood cholesterol and body weight, it is possible to greatly prevent the risk of cardiovascular disease.
Maryam Asadi, Minoo Asad Zandi, Abbas Ebadi, Volume 2, Issue 2 (9-2013)
Abstract
Abstract Aim. This study was conducted with the aim of evaluating the effect of spritual care based on «GHALBE SALIM» model on spritual experiences of the patients who have undergone coronaryartery bypass surgery. Background. Patients undergoing open heart surgery, experience a crisis in their life. Every crisis is considered as a spiritual crisis and creates a unique experience that is rooted in culture and religion. Spiritual intervention which considers the spiritual mutual experience of the therapist and client is called spiritual care based on «GHALBE SALIM» model. Method. In this clinical trial, 60 patients, candidated for elective coronary artery bypass graft surgery, were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. Experimental group received spiritual care based on»GHALBE SALIM» model during hospital stay. The questionnaire Daily Spiritual Experience Scale (DSES) was completed by patients at the time of admission and discharge. Findings. The level of spritual experiences at the time of hospitalization was not statristically significant between groups. On discharge, after implementing «GHALBE SALIM» model, the level of spritual experiences in experimental group was significantly higher in comparison with control group (P<0.001). Conclusion. Spiritual care based on «GHALB SALIM» model increases the level of spiritual experiences and could be performed for meeting spiritual needs of patients.
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