Abstract
Aim. The purpose of this study was to review the nursing care and education of patients with Ventricular Assist Device (VAD).
Background. Heart failure is one of the most important noncommunicable diseases. There are many pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches for treatment of heart failure. These treatments have contributed to the survival of people with this disease. Nursing care of patients with VADs can prolongs patient’s quality of life and survival. 
Method. This review study was conducted in 2018 using the keywords heart failure, intraventricular assist devise, cardiovascular disease, survival rate, complications of heart failure and nursing care, by searching in the search engines/ databases Google Scholar, OVID, Up-to-date, Springer, PubMed, SID, MagIran, Web of Sciences, Cochrane Library, CINHAL, and Scopus without time limit. A total of 63 articles were found related to the subject under study, out of which, 10 duplicate articles were omitted from the list and 4 articles were excluded because they were not available; this way, 49 papers were included in the study.
Findings. The role of the nurse in teaching patients with VADs is very important. Patient education can be a help for improving quality of life and increasing patient’s survival.
Conclusion. Familiarity with the new approaches to manage heart failure is very important for nurses. VADs have complications such as infection, bleeding, and arrhythmias; recognition, prevention and management of these complications can improve patient’s quality of life and survival.

Abstract
Aim. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of teach back learning strategy on illness perception, nutritional knowledge and dietary adherence in people with hypertension.
Background. Because of the chronicity of hypertension and the importance of nutrition in hypertension control, illness perception and nutritional knowledge play an important role in adherence to nutritional regimen and disease control.
Method. The present study is a quasi-experimental study control group and pretest-posttest design. Based on random sampling, two health care centers in Ferdows were selected as the place for experimental and control group. Using a simple randomized method, of patients with hypertension, 35 individuals were recruited for each group. These people entered the study based on inclusion criteria and after that they signed the consent form. Before and after the intervention, illness perception, nutritional knowledge and dietary adherence were measured by self-report questionnaire and compared between the groups.
Findings. After intervention, the mean score of nutritional knowledge in experimental and control group was 48.17±5.21 and 41.16±0.51, respectively, and a statically significant difference was found between groups in terms of nutritional knowledge (P≤0.0001; t=9.56). After intervention, the mean score of illness perception in experimental and control group was 9.75±1.81 and 7.72±1.60, respectively, and there was a statically significant difference between groups in terms of illness perception (P≤0.0001; t=4.15). But no statically significant difference was found between experimental and control group in terms of dietary adherence (17.55±4.17 against 16.88±3.62).
Conclusion. Given the positive effects of teach back method and the special role of nurses in patient education, attention to this teaching method seems necessary. The use of this method of training is suggested as part of care process to reduce patients' clinical problems.

Abstract
Aim. The purpose of this study was to report a case of mitral valve thrombosis.
Background. Cardiac valve diseases are among the most important diseases, which is widespread despite many treatments. Among the wide range of treatments, replacement or repair of the valve are among the standard treatments. This treatment has many side effects that can be prevented by adhering to a proper diet. The present reports a rare case of mitral valve thrombosis.
Case Report. A 50-year-old female patient undergoes mitral valve replacement (mechanical) and tricuspid valve replacement (mechanical) dated 2018. After discharge, she was treated with 5 mg Warfarin and 80 mg ASA. She returned to the hospital due to progressive shortness of breath. A rare complication of mitral valve thrombosis was diagnosed.
Conclusion. Mitral mechanical valve thrombosis is a rare but dangerous complication. Although thrombosis is closely associated with anticoagulant drug use, this study and similar studies have shown that there is usually no clear relationship between INR and thrombosis.

Abstract
Aim. The purpose of this study was to review the importance of cardiac rehabilitation and physical activity training in the second phase of rehabilitation.
Background. Cardiac rehabilitation is defined as a comprehensive long-term program consisting of medical assessment, exercise program administration, correction of cardiovascular risk factors, training and counseling. Familiarizing nurses with the area of ​​cardiac rehabilitation and providing necessary education to patients will have a significant effect on reducing complications and improving quality of life.
Method. This review study was carried out by library and internet searches in the years 2018-2019 using the keywords “coronary artery bypass graft surgery”, “adherence to treatment”, “cardiovascular disease”, “physical activity”, “exercises at home”, “cardiac rehabilitation” and their Persian equivalents. The search was carried out in databases, search engines PubMed, SID, MagIran, Web of Sciences, Cochrane Library, CINHAL, OVID, Google Scholar, Up-to-date, and Scopus without time limit. A total of 51 articles were found in relation to the subject under study, of which, 4 articles were excluded because of duplication and 10 articles were excluded because their full texts were not available. Finally, 37 articles were included in the study.
Findings. The role of the nurse in training cardiac patients for rehabilitation is of great importance. By educating patients about the principles of rehabilitation for prevention and management of complications, an important role can be played in improving the quality of life of patients and increasing their survival.
Conclusion. Nurses' acquaintance with the principles of cardiac rehabilitation is of particular importance. It is suggested that nurses consider rehabilitation education as one of the supportive therapeutic and preventive approaches and should always be familiar with the latest guidelines in this area.

Abstract
Aim. The aim of this literature review was to investigate the importance of adherence to diet in and nutritional recommendations for patient after coronary artery bypass graft surgery.
Background. Nutritional patterns after heart surgery are among the most important aspects of care that is provided by the nurse. Due to the importance of this issue, various studies have been conducted to focus on principles of proper nutrition after coronary artery bypass graft surgery and the necessary recommendations.
Method. The present review study was conducted through searching out databases and search engines Pub Med, SID, MagIran, Web of Sciences, Cochrane Library, CINHAL, OVID, Up-to-date, and Scopus without time limit using the keywords Coronary artery bypass graft surgery, Adherence to nutrition therapy, Cardiovascular disease, Survival rate, Complications of heart disease and nursing care, Diet, and Nutritional support. Out of a total of 103 articles, 65 articles with accessible full text entered the qualitative review stage, of which 51 articles entered the literature review.
Findings. The use of appropriate dietary approach such as consumption of fruits and vegetables, nuts and nuts, consumption of dairy products, fish and cooked and steamed foods should be the first priority of patients after coronary artery bypass graft surgery. They should avoid of fried and processed materials as much as possible.
Conclusion. Nurses' familiarity with the principles of nutrition and providing nutritional solutions, based on the latest guidelines published, to patients after coronary artery bypass graft surgery plays an important role in reducing complications and readmission of patients.

Abstract
Aim. This study aimed to investigate the effect of individual and group self-care training on self-care behaviors and readmission in patients with heart failure.
Background. Teaching patients with heart failure plays an important role in achieving favorable treatment outcome, management of disease complications and reduction in readmission.
Method. This semi-experimental study was conducted with a pre-test post-test design with a control group and follow-up on 75 patients with heart failure. In individual education group, educational intervention was done individually and in another experimental group, it was done in groups of 3-5 people in two sessions. In control group, routine training was delivered. Self-care behaviors were evaluated using the European Heart Failure Self-care Behavior Scale (EHFScBs) at the beginning, and 30 and 90 days after discharge. The frequency of readmission was evaluated 30, 60 and 90 days after discharge. Data analysis was done in SPSS version 21 using Chi-square and Kruskal-Wallis statistical tests.
Findings. Self-care behaviors in 30 and 90 days after the intervention showed a statistically significant difference between experimental and control groups (p=0.002 and p=0.027, respectively). Regarding the frequency of readmission, at the end of 30, 60 and 90 days after discharge, there was no statistically significant difference between groups.
Conclusion. Providing educational intervention (in individual and group forms) is recommended to improve self-care behaviors in patients with heart failure. The effect of these educational interventions on the frequency of readmission was not significant; therefore, it is suggested to conduct future studies with more samples and in a longer period of time.
 

Abstract
Aim. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship of sleep quality and perceived stress with depression in women with acute myocardial infarction and anxiety symptoms.
Background. Depression is a common disorder with a lifetime prevalence of about 15 percent, and today it is considered the main cause of disability worldwide and ranks fourth among the ten main causes of the global burden of disease, which is characterized by long-term periods, a variety of symptoms. It is accompanied by a high rate of recurrence and many physical and mental disorders.
Method. Descriptive-correlational research design was selected for conducting the study. Statistical population included the women with acute heart attack living in Tehran in year 2022. Seventy people who scored higher than average in the anxiety questionnaire were selected as the research sample. The tools of data collection in this research were anxiety, depression, sleep quality and perceived stress questionnaires.
Findings. The results showed that there was a positive and statistically significant relationship between sleep quality and negative perceived stress and depression, and also a negative and statistically significant relationship was found between positive perceived stress and depression. Sleep quality, negative perceived stress, and positive perceived stress could predict respectively 0.18, 0.20, and 0.08 of changes in depression score.
Conclusions. Sleep problems can cause psychological distress and decrease concentration in people, so it can be expected that an increase in sleep problems can reduce a person's energy, and by increasing anxiety, it can cause an increase in psychological problems such as depression. Therefore, people who suffer from heart disease often endure a high level of anxiety due to the risk of the disease, which can be associated with increased sleep problems, thus leading to depression in them.