Cardiovascular Nursing Journal

An appraisal of qualitative articles on cardiovascular disease in Persian-language scientific journals

Shahnaz Ahrari

Abstract
Aim. This study was conducted with the aim of evaluating qualitative articles on cardiovascular diseases published in Persian-language journals.
Background. Qualitative research contributes to the scientific literature of many disciplines by interpreting and producing theories related to social interactions and individual experiences in natural rather than experimental situations.
Method. In this cross-sectional study, databases including Magiran, SID, and Google Scholar were investigated to search for Persian articles on cardiovascular disease. The papers were selected using the keywords and according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria from among papers published between 2000 and 2017. The appraisal instrument comprised of a researcher-made checklist that was developed based on the content of the book, “Nursing Research Methodology: Implementation, Critique and Application” written by Burns and Grove.
Findings. The 19 eligible articles included in the present study involved qualitative investigations on issues related to heart disease in various aspects. In terms of quality, 68 and 31 percent of the papers were evaluated as having moderate and good quality, respectively. In a more detailed assessment, the philosophical infrastructure criterion was given a lower score.
Conclusion. Overall, this study indicates that qualitative studies published in Persian language journals on cardiovascular disease have an appropriate quality. Because qualitative research can be well applied in nursing and since it stands as required knowledge for nurses, it seems that a more detailed review of manuscripts by journal editors using checklists and via specialized reviewers can enhance the quality of the published papers.

Effectiveness evaluation of cardiopulmonary cerebral resuscitation workshop in clinical atmosphere based on Kirkpatrick model

Sadraddin Sattari

Abstract
Aim. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the cardiopulmonary cerebral resuscitation (CPCR) workshop for nurses in the clinical atmosphere of critical care wards of Ardabil Social Security Hospital based on Kirkpatrick model.
Background. Evaluating the effectiveness of training courses to determine the extent to which the objectives of the training course are realized is necessary.

Method. In this descriptive survey, accessible population included 65 critical care nurses and nursing managers of the hospital under study out of which 56 people were selected based on stratified random sampling using Morgan-Krejcie sample table. Data were collected using a questionnaire and its validity was confirmed by the views of the experts. The reliability of the questionnaire was 0.99 (Cronbach's alpha). Data were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics.

Findings. The mean score of the effectiveness of the CPCR workshop in clinical atmosphere from the perspective of critical care nurses and nurse managers was 3.89 out of 5 in the level of “reaction”. Moreover, the mean score of the effectiveness of “learning” level and “behavior” level were reported 3.97 and 4.02 out of 5, respectively. In the level of the “results” the mean score of the effectiveness was reported as 4.57. The  total average of effectiveness of training in CPCR workshop was 4.11 out of 5.

Conclusion. The result of the study showed that CPCR workshop was evaluated as an effective program based on the Kirkpatrick model.

Causes of dysfunctional ventilatory weaning response after cardiac surgery

Zohreh Mohamadzadeh-Tabrizi

Aim. The aim of this study was to assess the causes of dysfunctional ventilatory weaning response after cardiac surgery
Background. One of the most important complications after cardiac surgery is the prolonged mechanical ventilation, because it is associated with the increase in mortality (30-40%). Extubation of endotracheal tube within the 6 hours post operation is considered as a gold standard improving heart function, increasing patients’ comfort, decreasing respiratory complication, and decreasing cost and hospitalization. The prolonged mechanical ventilation and dysfunctional ventilatory weaning response (DVWR) are the risk factors for cardiac surgery and controlling and preventing them is necessary.
Method. This was a descriptive cross-sectional study in which 80 patients admitted to Cardiac Surgery Department of Imam Reza Hospital in Mashhad were selected within a 4 months period by convenience sampling method. Patients with mechanical ventilation over 6 hours were recruited. Data were analyzed in SPSS software.
Findings. DVWR was significantly associated with smoking (p=0.03), and delayed recovery from anesthesia was the most common reason associating with DVWR (55.3%).
Conclusion. By controlling factors of the DVWR, we can reduce the duration of mechanical ventilation.

Comparative study of the quality of life in male military and non-military people with and without hypertension

Afzal Shamsi

Abstract
Aim. The aim of this study was to compare the quality of life in military and non-military people with and without hypertension.
Background. Hypertension is one of the most important causes of chronic disability in the world that its progressive course may affects various aspects of quality of life.
Method. This was a cross-sectional study with a descriptive comparative design in which 200 men with hypertension (100 military and 100 non-military) and 200 men without hypertension (100 military and 100 non-military) were recruited to the study by convenience sampling method in Tehran. Data were collected by short form (SF36) quality of life questionnaire and demographic form.
Findings. The mean score of quality of life in the group of people without hypertension (military people, 82.20±12.72; non-military people, 84.83±8.01) were significantly higher than the group with hypertension (military people, 76.72±16.60; non-military people, 68.58±17.77)
Conclusions. Quality of life in military and non-military men with hypertension is lower than the military and non-military men without hypertension. It is necessary to pay more attention to people with hypertension for promoting their quality of life.

Relationship of quality of life with general self-efficacy and perceived social support among people with Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS)

Mansoor Arab

Abstract
Aim. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship of quality of life with general self-efficacy and perceived social support among people with Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) hospitalized in cardiac care unit of teaching hospitals in Kerman, Iran.
Background. Quality of life is considered as one of the important health indicators and components that is influenced by several variables.
Method. The present study is a descriptive correlational research in which 150 people with ACS who admitted to cardiac care unit of teaching hospitals in Kerman, Iran, were recruited by convenience sampling method. The instruments for data collection included Perceived Social Support questionnaire, Quality of Life questionnaire and General Self-efficacy questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 18.
Findings. The mean age of the participants was 56.74±11.63. The mean score of quality of life, self-efficacy and perceived social support were 84.82±12.32, 27.19±6.89, and 63.58±13.1, respectively. There was a statistically significant direct association of general self-efficacy and perceived social support with dimensions of quality of life.
Conclusion. General self-efficacy and perceived social support have great impact on quality of life in people with ACS. It is recommended to consider these concepts in taking care of these people.

The effect of nitroglycerin spray and pearl on pain intensity and physiological indices of people with chest pain

Tabandeh Sadeghi

Abstract
Aim. This study was carried out to compare the effect of trinitroglycerin (TNG) spray and sublingual pearl on chest pain severity and some physiological indices of people with chest pain visited by emergency medical services.
Background. Glyceryl trinitrate is used as an anti-anginal vasodilating agent with various forms including spray and pearl with probable different therapeutic effects.
Method. In this quasi-experimental study, 80 patients with chest pain were recruited through convenience sampling and then allocated to pearl and spray groups by minimization method. After arriving at the patient's bedside, vital signs and chest pain severity were measured and recorded, then the drug was administered every 5 minutes for 3 times; thereafter, the measurements were repeated. The data analyzed in SPSS software 1) using descriptive and inferential statistics.
Findings. The results showed that after intervention, the mean score of pain in pearl and spray groups were 6.05±0.98 and 5.60±1.25, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between groups in terms of pain score. Whereas after intervention, the mean systolic and diastolic pressure in pearl group was significantly lower than the spray group, the heart rate in both groups were increased.
Conclusion. Nitroglycerin in the pearl form has the same effect as spray form in relieving chest pain. According to the circumstances and drug accessibility, emergency staff might use every two forms of Nitroglycerin.

Factors affecting cardiac rehabilitation in people with cardiovascular disease

Zeinab Hajaliakbari

Abstract
Aim. This review study was designed to identify the benefits of cardiac rehabilitation and the factors affecting the participation of cardiac patients in cardiac rehabilitation programs.
Background. Cardiovascular diseases are the main cause of death and hospitalization in developed countries. Given that cardiac rehabilitation is as an important component of care for all patients with acute cardiac events, the knowledge of the benefits of cardiac rehabilitation for the prevention of secondary complications of these conditions may reinforce the patients to participate in cardiac rehabilitation programs.
Method. This study is a review of the papers related to cardiac rehabilitation searched out by databases PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar and Persian articles published in this subject.
Findings. The evidence has shown that those who have participated in cardiac rehabilitation programs are less likely to experience death and morbidity. In general, cardiac rehabilitation can prevent deaths due to heart disease, reduces the possibility of surgery and angiography and reduces the need for hospitalization. Studies over the last 30 years indicate that participating in cardiac rehabilitation programs improve functional capacity, risk factors, quality of life related to health and reduce cardiovascular mortality.
Conclusion. Cardiac rehabilitation is beneficial for patients with cardiovascular disease. It leads to reduction of mortality and morbidity, need for cardiac surgery, and re-hospitalization, and increases functional capacity, and quality of life.

Concept analysis of heart disease risk perception from health professionals perspective: Hybrid model

Mahboubeh Shali

Abstract
Aim. The aim of this study was to analyze the concept of heart risk perception from healthcare staff perspective using hybrid method of concept analysis.
Background. In the discussion of behavior, awareness of risk factors for cardiovascular disease is very important in helping individuals to make informed decisions about continuing certain behaviors that increase the risk of the disease, but what matters more is the perception of a person at risk of a disease that affects his or her health functions.
Method. Hybrid model of concept analysis was used to clarify the meaning of perception of risk of heart disease. Three phases of a hybrid concept analysis include theoretical, fieldwork, and final analysis. In theoretical phase, different databases including PubMed, CINAHL, Science Direct, Google Scholar, SID and Magiran were searched for related articles published from 1990 to 2018). The search keywords were perception of risk; heart disease in titles and abstracts of the papers. In the fieldwork phase, semi-structured in -depth interviews were conducted with 18 nurses who were selected by purposive sampling. In next step, by combining the two previous stages the final analysis was performed.
Findings. The combination of theoretical and fieldwork findings resulted in definition of heart risk perception from healthcare staff perspective: “Understanding the risk of heart disease is a form of acquiring awareness of the risk of heart disease that is influenced by beliefs, values, culture and attitudes of individuals, and it stimulates learning and changing self-care behaviors for efficacy in promoting heart health and avoiding risk factors.”
Conclusion. The results of this study will help to clarify the concept of perception of risk of heart disease among healthcare system staff. This clarification may lead to offering comprehensive view and better understanding for use in the research and practice.