Abstract
Aim. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of the implementation of clinical surveillance model on the amount of education provided to cardiac patients.
Background. Clinical supervision is a relationship between nurse and observer that promotes the development of nursing professional skills.
Method. This is a quasi-experimental before-after study without control group. The stratified sampling method was used to recruit 300 patients based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. The researcher used the data-gathering form to record teachings provided to patients by nurses and also, the rate of their registration in the medical record. Clinical surveillance model included planning, monthly meetings with health education volunteers, classified teaching, daily clinical supervision, follow-up, identifying the weaknesses of nurses in providing training to cardiac patients and corrective actions in a regular and continuous basis for one year. After the intervention, teachings provided to patients by nurses and also, the rate of their registration in the medical record were re-evaluated. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics in SPSS version 19.
Findings. After intervention, the amount of teaching provided by nurses at the time of admission, during hospitalization and at the time of discharge was significantly increased (P<0.001). The findings also showed that the patients were more satisfied with the received teaching after intervention (P<0.001).
Conclusion. Continuous and regular monitoring has a significant role in the amount of education provided to patients by nurses. It is recommended to plan management and supervisory programs to be implemented for nurses involved in patient education.

Abstract
Aim.  This study aimed to determine barriers to patient education from the perspective of patients, nurses and doctors.
Background. Patient education is one of the indicators of quality of heath care services. Patient education could lead to a reduction in the cost of health care and increase the quality of care and ultimately, help the patient to become independent and self-sufficient.
Method. A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out. The research population included physicians, nurses and patients admitted to different wards of the Rajaee cardiovascular medical and research center. The sampling method was stratified random sampling for each population of the participants (patients, nurses and doctors). Data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire that measured the obstacles to patient education. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS software.
Findings. According to physicians, the most important barriers to education for patients was related to patients, and then related to physicians. From the viewpoint of nurses, the most important barriers to patient education were related to nurses. Patients evaluated themselves as the most important barrier to patient education, and then, the most important barriers were  related to nurses from patients’ perspectives.
Conclusion. Regarding the importance of teaching to the patient, it is suggested that the managers take actions to increase the number of nursing staff, provide patients with educational brochures, allocate sufficient funds for patient education, supervise and encourage nurses and doctors, and prioritize training in daily tasks.

Abstract
Aim. This study aimed to examine the effects of preoperative preparation of patients and family caregivers on outcomes after coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG).
Background. Preoperative preparation can improve patients’ experience of surgery and hospitalization. However, there is limited data about how preoperative preparation affects postoperative outcomes following CABG.
Method. This non-randomized clinical trial was conducted on ninety pairs of patient/ caregiver in the time period from July to November 2018. The participants were purposively selected and non-randomly allocated to either control or experimental group. The intervention was performed one day after admission and the day before CABG in the form of an educational video, an intensive care unit tour, and an educational booklet. In both groups, on the third day after surgery, patients' delirium was assessed in the ICU and family caregivers were asked to complete a family satisfaction questionnaire. Patients and their family caregivers in both groups completed a hospital anxiety and depression questionnaire (HADS) on the first and seventh days after surgery and before discharge. Data were analyzed in SPSS version 16.0 using descriptive and inferential statistics. 
Findings. After intervention, the mean score of patients’ anxiety and depression in the intervention group was significantly less than the control group (P=0.03). After intervention, the mean score of anxiety and depression among family caregivers in the control and experimental groups were not significantly different (P=0.11). Family caregivers’ satisfaction of experimental group was significantly higher than the control group in both healthcare providers’ performance dimension (P=0.01) and comfort dimension (P=0.027). Moreover, the groups did not significantly differ from each other regarding delirium incidence (P=0.6) and length of stay in the intensive care unit (P=0.21).
Conclusion. Considering that the preparation of the patient and family caregiver on the day before CABG can reduce patients' anxiety and depression and increase the satisfaction of the family caregiver, it is recommended to use this intervention for patients and family caregivers before CABG.