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Showing 2 results for Pathophysiology
Hamid Peyrovi, Mona Alinejad-Naeini, Ahmad Amin,
Volume 4, Issue 3 (12-2015)
Abstract
Aim. The aim of this review was to introduce cardiac cachexia for health care team, especially nurses. Acquaintance of health care providers with cardiac cachexia may lead them to pay more attention to this phenomenon when taking care of heart failure patients with cardiac cachexia.
Background. Heart failure is a systemic condition starting with heart dysfunction followed by dysfunction of most body organs including cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, renal, neuroendocrine, immune, haemostatic, and inflammatory systems. Heart failure is already considered as a multisystem disease which can lead to such morbidities as anemia, insulin resistance, autonomic nervous system imbalance, and cardiac cachexia. Despite the importance of cachexia phenomenon in people with heart failure, it seems that it is not sufficiently considered by health care providers in the treatment and care program.
Method. In this paper, a review was conducted on the studies published between 1999-2016 about cardiac cachexia. The studies were searched out through scientific databases, including PubMed and Science Direct by the keywords heart failure and cachexia. The search resulted in 493 papers out of which 41 paper were considered in this review.
Findings. In the last two decades, many attempts have been made to determine a unified definition of the cachexia. An anabolic/ catabolic imbalance with the dominance of catabolism which is the result of a combination of immunologic, metabolic, and neuroendocrine processes has been considered as pathophysiology of cardiac cachexia. In the early period after development of chronic heart failure, most of these processes are activated to protect heart and circulatory system from damage and also, to compensate for decreased cardiac muscle performance. Mechanisms of cachexia development are multiple, and it is necessary for treatment to consider several mechanisms simultaneously. Therapeutic management is based on prevention, exercise, nutrition, and drugs.
Conclusion. Cardiac cachexia as a complication of chronic heart failure has adverse effects on patients’ quality of life and outcomes. The success of strategies for prevention or treatment of cardiac cachexia greatly depends on patients adherence to therapeutic regimen; multidimensional nature of strategies makes it necessary to be implemented in a comprehensive and right way.
Samaneh Nik-Chehreh, Mona Alinejad Naeini,
Volume 12, Issue 1 (3-2023)
Abstract
Abstract
Aim. The purpose of this review article is to introduce the phenomenon of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) to health care providers of the neonatal intensive care unit, particularly nurses working in the neonatal intensive care unit.
Background. The patent ductus arteriosus is among the developmental diseases of the heart. The ductus arteriosus is the pathway that connects the left pulmonary artery to the descending aorta during fetal life. This duct closes in neonates within a few minutes to a few days after birth. Familiarity with this phenomenon may help health care providers in taking care of babies experiencing this condition. The transition from intrauterine to extrauterine life requires coordinated and complex biochemical, physiological, and anatomical changes that takes an extended period of time in premature infants and those with congenital conditions. Rapid and timely assessment and intervention by the health care team can help at this vital stage of life.
Method. This literature review was conducted through a systematic and targeted search of articles and texts published from 2008 to 2024 in PubMed/, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Scopus using the keywords Patent ductus arteriosus, Infant, Nursing care, Treatment, and their Persian equivalents.
Findings. Twelve articles and one book were found and the findings were organized as definition and pathophysiology of patent ductus arteriosus, diagnoses. treatment options, and nursing care.
Conclusion. The transition of the fetus from the womb to extrauterine life is one of the dynamic and vital adaptations in the life of neonates, especially premature neonates. With comprehensive monitoring and skillful clinical assessment, patent ductus arteriosus in neonates can be better managed.
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