---

Aim

The aim of this study was to compare attitude of the last-year nursing and medical students studying at Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran about spiritual care

Background

The spirituality is a complex and multidimensional concepts including cognitive, behavioral and experimental aspects. For promoting spiritual care we have to consider the physical, mental, emotional and spiritual aspects of the human. The studies showed that many patients believe that spirituality plays an important role in their life they believe there is a positive relationship between their recovery and religious and spiritual aspects. Many patients expect health care personnel consider these factors

Method

A descriptive comparative design was used to conduct the study. “Spiritual care perspective scale” (SCPS) was completed by 110 nursing and 220 medical students. Data were analysed by SPSS.

Findings

Based on the findings, 56% of nursing students and 51.8% of medical students have positive attitude on the spiritual care of patients. There was no statistically significant difference between attitudes of the two groups of students. Nursing students had more favorable attitude about existing a superior force or transcendental existence influencing spiritual health. Medical students had more favorable attitudes about considering spiritual care as part of the caring performance.

Conclusion

Paying more attention to the spirituality and spiritual care in educational programs for those who provide health services seems to be necessary for educational planning authorities. It is required to improve culturally in the field of principles of beliefs and religion and their education among the young and educated people. It is necessary to improve the culture of religious believes through education among students.

---

Aim

 The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of face-to-face education on knowledge, attitude, and believes of acute coronary syndrome patients about heart disease and their reaction to symptoms.

Background

 Coronary artery disease is known as an important health issue. Mortality results from myocardial infarction are highly dependent on time interval between symptoms presentation and reperfusion intervention. Reperfusion leads to the best results, especially if started within the first 60 minutes after beginning the manifestations. Many studies have been conducted to examine strategies for decreasing delay time, but education through media has not received enough attention.

Method

 In this clinical trial, 300 patients referred to Shahid Radjaee Cardiovascular Hospital and diagnosed as acute coronary syndrome were randomly allocated to receive either education and counseling as intervention (n=150) or regular education (control group, n=50). The inclusion criteria were: not having serious complicated co-morbidity such as psychiatric disorder, renal insufficiency, malignancies or neurologic disorders and speaking and comprehending Pesian. Data collection instruments were demographic form and Rapid Early Action for Coronary Treatment (REACT). Data were collected before intervention and one and three months after the beginning of intervention. The data were analyzed by SPSS.

Findings

 The study findings showed high rate of reporting risk factors in both groups. Most patients of both groups had referred to cardiologist. In experimental group, knowledge, attitude and belief scores increased significantly, one and three months after the beginning of the intervention. Between group comparisons showed a statistically significant difference between two groups in terms of knowledge, attitude and belief scores (P≤0.0001).

Conclusion

 Face-to-face education and counseling improves knowledge, attitude and believes of the patients about acute coronary syndrome, thereby, may reduces delay in treatment. Improvement of patients’ knowledge is the basic step for symptom management of the acute coronary syndrome.

---

Abstract

Aim.The aim of this study was to compare the effect of education through lecture and multimedia methods on knowledge, attitude, and performance of cardiac care nurses about temporary pacemaker care.

Background.Cardiac dysrhythmias are among the most common cardiovascular disorders. Temporary pacemaker insertion is a treatment or prevention method for cardiac dysrhythmia. Nurses are the main group to provide the care for patients with temporary pacemaker, so it is necessary to educate them in an effective and efficient way.

Method.This was an experimental study conducted in 2015 on 52 cardiac care nurses working in ShaheedRajaei cardiovascular center. All 52 nurses were randomly divided in 2 groups of education through lecture and multimedia. The level of nurses' knowledge, attitude and performance was evaluated before and three weeks after education and the effect of education was examined using Mann-Whitney and Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test through SPSS version 22.

Findings.Before intervention, the median and interquartile range of knowledge levels for lecture and mul-timedia groups were 12.5 (10-14) and 11 (9-12), respectively, and after that, they increased to 17 (15- 19) and 17 (13- 19). The median and interquartile range of performance levels for lecture and multimedia groups changed from 29 (26- 30) and 30 (26- 31) to 34 (32- 35) and 34 (32- 35), respectively. The knowledge and performance levels increased in both methods. But there was no statistically significant difference between these two methods. Before intervention, the median and interquartile range of attitude levels for lecture and multimedia groups were 62.5 (60-64) and 64 (63-66) and after that, they changed to 64 (60-64) and 63 (61-64), showing that intervention has no effect on attitude level in any of these two groups.

Conclusion.There is no difference between the effectiveness of education through two methods of lecture and multimedia software on cardiac care nurses' knowledge, attitude and performance. In the other words, multimedia software method is as effective as lecture method. Education using multimedia software can be considered as a proper method for increasing demand in staff education. Proper infrastructure and optimal training programs are prerequisites to effectiveness of education through multimedia software method.

---

---

Abstract
Aim. The purpose of this study was to determine the knowledge and attitude of Isfahan people about prevention of cardiovascular disease.
Background. Cardiovascular disease is the main cause of death and disability in all societies. Lack of knowledge about risk factors of heart disease is associated with unhealthy lifestyle and increasing progression of cardiovascular disease.
Method. This descriptive analytical study was conducted in 2016 on 384 people of Isfahan, located in the centre of Iran. Data was collected by a researcher-made questionnaire with three parts of personal information, awareness and attitude questions about prevention of cardiovascular disease. The data were analyzed in SPSS 16 using descriptive and inferential statistics.
Findings. Participants had good knowledge of the prevention of cardiovascular disease (with the knowledge mean score of 13.11±1.94 of the maximum score 14). Also, people's attitudes towards cardiovascular disease prevention were positive (with the mean score of 30.6±4.05 of maximum score of 40). There was not a statistically significant difference between the score of knowledge in terms of age, sex, marital status and family history of heart disease, but knowledge about prevention of heart disease was associated with the previously received training and educational level. There was not a statistically significant difference between the score of attitude in terms of demographic characteristics.
Conclusion. The knowledge and attitude about prevention of heart disease among Isfahan people was good and associated with the previously received training. So, providing educational programs about risk factors of cardiovascular disease may improve knowledge of and attitude towards heart disease and play an important role in improving lifestyle and prevention of cardiovascular diseases.

---

Abstract
Background. Self-care behaviors in cardiac patients are one of the essential factors in their treatments. The failure to apply proper self-care behaviors reduces their recovery and imposes high costs on the health care system.
Aim. This study aimed for design and psychometric measurement of the questionnaire on attitude, knowledge and utilization of self-care for patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery based on Waltz model
Method. In this methodological study, the following four steps were conducted for design and psychometric measurement of the questionnaire: 1) defining the theoretical and practical self-care concept for patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery in the domains of physical activity, sexual activity, social activity, mental state, and smoking; 2) designing the items of the questionnaire using other instruments which are being used in heart diseases; 3) determining the face validity (the assessment of facility, difficulty, and ambiguity of the items and their importance for patients) and content validity of the questionnaire (the assessment of appropriateness and necessity of items by experts opinions and measuring CVR and CVI; 4) the internal consistency of the questionnaire was evaluated by determining the Cranach's alpha coefficient.
Findings. The first version of this questionnaire was produced with 56 items, of which 15 items were deleted during the process of validity and reliability confirmation. The final version of the questionnaire was provided with 41 items in three domains; knowledge domain with 14 items, attitude domain with 7 items and utilization domain with 20 items. The results of the psychometric procedure for the questionnaire was the content validity index of 0.99, the content validity ratio of 0.96 and the internal consistency of the questionnaire with Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.7 representing appropriate validity and reliability of the questionnaire.
Conclusion. This 41-item questionnaire can be utilized in the assessment process of these patients. Measuring construct validity is recommended for the validity of the domains of the present questionnaire.

---

Abstract

Aim. This study was conducted to evaluate the readiness of intensive care units of hospitals affiliated to Iran University of Medical Sciences for the implementation of family-centered care in 2017.

Background. Patients in the intensive care unit often are not able to participate in therapeutic decisions, therefore, involving families in decision-making process, implementation and treatment processes, and meeting the their needs improves treatment outcomes and increases patient and family satisfaction. Family-centered care is one of the means of providing care that recognizes and respects the vital role of the family.

Method. This was a descriptive cross-sectional study in which all of the intensive care units in the hospitals of Iran University of Medical Sciences were studied in terms of their preparedness for family-centered care. Proportionate stratified sampling method was used to recruit nurses, and the physicians were recruited based on convenience sampling. In order to investigate the structure and facilities, through a census of all specialized departments of hospitals affiliated to Iran University of Medical Sciences, a checklist was filled out. Data were analyzed in SPSS software version 22 using descriptive and inferential statistics.

Findings. According to the results, 60.9% of nurses were opposed to implementing family-centered care and have a negative attitude, and 57.3% of physicians agreed to implement family-centered care. There was a statistically significant difference between the attitudes of nurses and doctors (p≤0.0001). Also, the overall scores obtained from hospitals affiliated to Iran University of Medical Sciences showed that the facilities and hospital structure were poor for implementing family-centered care. 

Conclusion. Differences in the attitudes of nurses and physicians about family-based care showed the need for clarifying the concept of family-centered care. The implementation of family-centered care requires structural changes and extensive equipment in accordance with the standards.