Abstract
Aim. The purpose of this study was to review the nursing care and education of patients with Ventricular Assist Device (VAD).
Background. Heart failure is one of the most important noncommunicable diseases. There are many pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches for treatment of heart failure. These treatments have contributed to the survival of people with this disease. Nursing care of patients with VADs can prolongs patient’s quality of life and survival. 
Method. This review study was conducted in 2018 using the keywords heart failure, intraventricular assist devise, cardiovascular disease, survival rate, complications of heart failure and nursing care, by searching in the search engines/ databases Google Scholar, OVID, Up-to-date, Springer, PubMed, SID, MagIran, Web of Sciences, Cochrane Library, CINHAL, and Scopus without time limit. A total of 63 articles were found related to the subject under study, out of which, 10 duplicate articles were omitted from the list and 4 articles were excluded because they were not available; this way, 49 papers were included in the study.
Findings. The role of the nurse in teaching patients with VADs is very important. Patient education can be a help for improving quality of life and increasing patient’s survival.
Conclusion. Familiarity with the new approaches to manage heart failure is very important for nurses. VADs have complications such as infection, bleeding, and arrhythmias; recognition, prevention and management of these complications can improve patient’s quality of life and survival.

Abstract
Aim. The aim of this review was to investigate the effects of Crocus sativus (Saffron) on cardiovascular diseases from Iranian traditional medicine to modern phytotherapy.
Background. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) presently accounts for almost half of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and causes deaths of 17.3 million per year. Crocus sativus is one of the various traditional herbs that have been demonstrated to have therapeutic effects on cardiovascular disease. Crocus sativus, commonly known as Saffron, is a species of flowering plant of the Crocus genus in the Iridaceae family.
Method. Data were obtained from searching the scientific databases including Pubmed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar and related Iranian traditional medicine books. The keywords included "Crocus sativus", "saffron", "cardiovascular diseases", "heart disease" and "therapeutic properties of saffron". Finally, searching in databases detected 58 records that 37 sources had the inclusion criteria and their full texts were carefully reviewed.
Findings. Crocus sativus shows antispasmodic, eupeptic, gingival sedative, anticatarrhal, nerve sedative, carminative, diaphoretic, expectorant, stimulant, stomachic, aphrodisiac, and emmenagogue activities. In addition, it is effective in treating cardiovascular disease. Crocus sativus extract has an anti-arrhythmic effect, vascular smooth muscle relaxant, blood pressure reducing effect and protective role on ischemic heart disease. Also, it can play an important role in stopping ischemic heart damage and be used as a new preventive tool for ischemic heart disease.
Conclusion. Many studies confirm that Crocus sativus has a wide range of pharmacological activities, but it seems more research is needed to evaluate these mechanisms.

Abstract
Aim. This study reviews the role of vitamin E in cardiovascular diseases.
Background. Cardiovascular diseases are among the most common health-related problems, and the number of the patients with cardiovascular diseases increases each year. Long-term manifestations of cardiovascular disease bears a lot of cost to the family and society.
Method. This review study was conducted by searching out the related literature in the databases Google Scholar, PubMed, PMC, Springer, and Elsevier, for papers published from 2014 to 2018. Initially, a total of 72 articles were found and the number of articles was reduced to 42 by removing duplicates and articles that were only accessible as abstract. Finally, a review by 21 articles was carried out.
Findings. α-Tocopherol is the most common form of vitamin E in human tissues. Increased oxidative stress is an important mediator of endothelial injury in hypertension pathology, associated with increased oxidant protein production, such as hydrogen peroxide super oxidation, decreased nitric oxide synthesis, and decreased biological capacity of antioxidants. Oxidative stress may lead to endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, hypertrophy, fibrosis, and angiogenesis associated with hypertensive vascular changes. Vitamin E deficiency can provide a constraint for micro ribonucleic acids (miRNAs) networks, and this may lead to the progression of atherosclerosis. Vitamin E deficiency causes adverse effects in cardiovascular systems. However, the effect of its use in the treatment of diseases is still not fully understood.
Discussion. A good amount of Vitamin E should be provided and it should be replaced before the complications occur.

Abstract
Aim. This paper reviews the potential role of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD).
Background. CVD is one of the most important causes of mortality. Paying attention to the risk factors of CVD is of great importance in reducing mortality, the cost of treatment and care and improving health indicators. Over the recent years, HDP have been considered as a risk factor for developing CVD in later life. Method. This review study was conducted by searching out PubMed, Scopus, and Springer databases from 2016 to 2019, based on the availability of articles full text. The keywords included “hypertensive disorder of pregnancy AND cardiovascular disease AND risk AND screening”. At first, 223 articles were found that according to the title and with the elimination of repetitive and non-English language studies, the number of articles was reduced to 17, and 10 papers were reviewed.
Findings. Within the recent years, the incidence of CVD in women with a history of HDP has been considered. The main discussion in numerous studies has been focused on whether the presence of risk factors for CVD before pregnancy leads to HDP and then occurrence of hypertension in later years, or HDP is the risk factor for the onset of CVD in the future.
Conclusion. Pregnancy is considered as a stress test that unveiling CVD, therefore, it is important that the history of HDP to be considered in the list of risk factors for CVD in postpartum years. Annual blood pressure and renal function monitoring, lifestyle modification and paying attention to the CVD risk factors in this group of women is recommended.

Abstract
Aim. This paper aims to review the effect of Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) method on treatment of drug poisoning caused by calcium blockers and beta-blockers.
Background. A large proportion of cardiovascular drug poisoning is associated with calcium channel blockers and beta-blockers. Among the various and severe symptoms of poisoning with these drugs, treatment of resistant shock or acute respiratory distress is considered as a challenge. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation can be used as one of the effective therapies for this type of poisoning.
Method. This study is a literature review that was conducted through searching out databases Web of Science, Scopus and PubMed with keywords "Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation", "ECMO", "Calcium channel blocker" and "Beta blocker" in the title, abstract, and keywords of the articles. The articles with focus on the effects of ECMO on treatment of poisoning caused by calcium blocker and beta-blocker drugs were selected and reviewed.
Findings. Twenty articles were included, in which 23 patients with beta-blocker or calcium blocker poisoning were reported to be treated with ECMO as an adjunct device. VA-ECMO and VV-ECMO were used in 22 and one of cases, respectively. In general, the use of ECMO has been completely successful in more than 90 percent of those patients who suffered from cardiovascular drug poisoning.
Conclusion. In view of the newness of ECMO and the lack of clinical trials in this subject, the results of reported case studies indicate a high success rate of this method in treatment of calcium and beta-blockers poisoning. It is recommended this treatment to be considered by healthcare team to treat beta-blocker or calcium blocker poisoning.

Abstract
Aim. The purpose of this study was to review the patient– and family-centered care studies in coronary artery bypass graft surgery.
Background. Nowadays, the length of hospital stay after cardiac surgery is reduced, and the most of the patients recover at home with their families without usual nursing and medical care. It is necessary to provide the care based on the same needs.
Methods. This is a comprehensive review of literature published between 1990-2018 about patient- and family-centered care interventions and patient/family important outcomes in adult ICUs that was conducted through searching out databases and search engines Medline, Ovid, Science Direct, PubMed and Google scholar, including English and Persian papers. In total, 73 English papers and 46 Persian papers were found, out of which 25 papers were included in this review.
Findings. Engaging families in patient care can profoundly influence clinical decision making and patient outcomes. Yet in many hospitals and health care systems, outdated visiting policies separate families and other loved ones during hospital stays.
Conclusion. Patient– and family-centered care is associated with better clinical outcomes. The clinical benefits that have been identified through a family partnership approach in these settings include decreased mortality, increased satisfaction, improved adherence to treatment regimens, and decreased readmission rates. Although high-quality interventional studies are needed to further evaluate the effectiveness of patient- and family-centered care in coronary artery bypass surgery, it is obvious this movement in healthcare is making a huge impact on family satisfaction and patient outcomes.

Abstract
Aim. This review study aims to investigate the impact of reducing Door-to-ECG (DTE) time on on morbidity and mortality of patients with chest pain referred to emergency department.
Background. Chest pain is the second most common reason for referral to an emergency unit. According to American Heart Association, all patients with chest pain presenting to the emergency ward should be approached with an ECG within 10 minutes of entrance to the emergency department. This is considered as the first line of diagnostic tests for myocardial infarction.
Method. In this narrative review study, several databases and search engines including SID, Pub Med, Google Scholar, Web of Science and Scopus were used to find the articles published between 2000 and 2018. The keywords used to search articles were “Door to ECG”, “chest pain”, “emergency unit” and “triage”. The articles selected for review were interventional or descriptive in terms of design, in Persian or English, with available full text. The criterion for selecting articles was the similarity of the their subject with the search keywords including Door to ECG (DTE) time and triage and their value in the early diagnosis and treatment of coronary disorders.
Findings. A total of 20 articles were found. After removing the articles that didn’t meet the inclusion criteria, 11 articles related to the subject of the study remained in review. The significant outcomes of timely triage, appropriate time to perform ECG, barriers to access and suggestions for faster treatment by the system especially the role of nurses, were investigated.
Conclusion. The reduction of triage time and Door to ECG (DTE) time as well as the role of the nurse in those cases are associated with a reduction in the morbidity and mortality of cardiac patients.

Abstract
Aim. This review study was conducted to explain the causes of prehospital delay in Iranian people experiencing myocardial infarction.
Background. While rapid diagnosis and treatment of myocardial infarction reduces mortality, improves heart function and most importantly, improves the patient's prognosis, studies show that some people experiencing the symptoms of myocardial infarction return to medical centers with delay.
Method. In this review study, SID database was used to search out articles published from 2001 to 2019. The keywords “acute myocardial infarction” and prehospital delay” was uysed to searching out the articles. Articles with accessible full text were reviewed in this study.
Findings. The review of articles related to the factors of prehospital delay in Iranian people experiencing  acute myocardial infarction included expecting spontaneous recovery, attributing the disease to non-cardiovascular causes, unawareness of the symptoms of cardiovascular disease, not paying attention to the symptoms of the disease and taking medication arbitrarily, having an underlying disease such as diabetes, low level of pain in the onset, sex, old age, low education, low income, place of residence, insignificance of pain, being alone at the time of acute myocardial infarction, onset of symptoms from midnight to early morning, negative history of heart disease, and the gradual onset of symptoms.
Conclusion. The results of this review showed that the most important factors in prehospital delay of Iranian people experiencing myocardial infarction individual factors and misunderstanding of the disease. Health care team should work to improve public awareness of the signs and symptoms of cardiovascular disease.
 

Abstract
Aim. This study aimed to examine the effect of open visiting hours on sleep quality, anxiety, and satisfaction of patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG).
Background. The importance of visiting patients after CABG has been emphasized in various studies, but there is insufficient evidence to confirm whether restricted /open visits may have more positive or negative effects than each other.
Method. In this clinical trial study, 60 post-CABG patients, admitted to Shahid Rajaei Cardiovascular, Medical and Research center, were randomly selected and divided into experimental (n=30) and control group (n=30). Patients in experimental group received an open visiting schedule (free visiting) and those in control group experienced a regular visiting schedule (restricted visiting). Anxiety was measured on the second and fourth days of hospitalization by the Spielberger Anxiety Inventory (STAI), sleep quality was measured by Richard Campbell and satisfaction was assessed through researcher-made questionnaire on the fourth day of hospitalization. Data were analyzed using independent t-test in SPSS-20 software.
Findings. There was a statistically significant difference between control and experimental groups in terms of anxiety mean score (43.97±6.76 against 35.90±4.31, respectively) (p≤0.0001). There was also a statistically significant difference between control and experimental groups in terms of mean score of patient satisfaction (46.13±7.15 vs 32.23±4.67, respectively) (p≤0.0001). A statistically significant difference was found between control and experimental groups in terms of sleep quality mean score (2.33±0.8 vs 3.33±0.75, respectively) (p≤0.0001).
Conclusion. Open visiting can reduces anxiety, and improves sleep quality and patients' satisfaction after CABG.

Abstract
Aim. This study was conducted with the aim of determining the effect of peer education on outcome in people with heart failure.
Background. Heart failure is a complex clinical syndrome that is considered as a public health problem due to its chronic, progressive and irreversible nature.
Method. In this review study, a comprehensive search of scientific databases and search engines such as Science Direct, Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Medline using the keywords heart failure and peer education in both Persian and English language was done to find literature published between 2000 and 2018.
Findings. Studies about the effect of peer education on outcomes of heart failure patients in the country showed that these trainings have examined three outcomes of self-care, quality of life and self-efficacy in people with heart failure, and that this method has had a positive effect on all three components.
Conclusion. Peer education improves self-care, self-efficacy, and quality of life in people with heart failure. It is recommended to use this training program as an effective, cost-effective method without the need for specialized equipment.

Abstract
Aim. This study was conducted to investigate palliative care in people with heart failure.
Background. Heart failure as a syndrome of cardiac dysfunction has a variety of pathophysiology. Progress in knowledge related to heart failure has led to improvement in survival, but the incidence and prevalence of the syndrome is incremental. Cure of the disease is rarely possible and as a chronic disease it can significantly affect the patient, family and health care system. Providing care for patients with heart failure is a complex phenomenon and as the disease progresses to the late stages, palliative care takes a larger part of the caring.
Method. In this review study, scientific databases and search engines such as SID, Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science were searched for to find articles published from the beginning of 2000 to 2017. The keywords used for the search included heart failure, palliative care and their Persian equivalent. Papers in Persian and English that were available on the common theme of heart failure and palliative care were reviewed.
Findings. A total of 36 English and one Persian article were reviewed. The definitions of palliative care, views on palliative care, palliative care drugs, types of palliative care providers, palliative care models, palliative care delivery to family caregivers, and the future of palliative care were the topics covered in the reviewed articles.
Conclusion. Palliative care for people with heart failure should be considered in line with the treatment plan of these patients. Special attention should be payed to development of specialty palliative care and long-term planning for primary palliative care

Abstract
Aim. The aim of this review was to investigate the role of Catecholamines in the pathogenesis of Takotsubo cardiomyopathy and related nursing care.
Background. Takotsubo cardiomyopathy is an acute syndrome characterized by acute reversible systolic dysfunction of the apical and middle segments of the left ventricle in the absence of significant coronary artery occlusion. It is believed that emotional and physical stressors are the main drivers for the disease. Despite many years of efforts to better understand this disorder, current knowledge is limited, but several authors have agreed on the relationship between Catecholamines and the development of this syndrome.
Method. This study was carried out by searching the databases and search engines (PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science) to find full text articles published between 2014-2018 using the keywords "Broken heart syndrome", "Apical ballooning syndrome", "Takotsubo cardiomyopathy", "Stress-induced cardiomyopathy", “Catecholamines”, “Nursing” and “Nursing care”. Of 392 articles, 21 were included in the study.
Findings. Among the various hypotheses, Catecholamine-induced microvascular dysfunction is currently the most accepted hypothesis. Stressful stimuli can increase the activity of the Hypothalamus-Pituitary- Adrenal axis and release Catecholamine. If Catecholamines are the leading cause of Takotsubo cardiomyopathy, it is quite possible that prescribing exogenous Catecholamines cause this condition.
Conclusion. Although many studies have attributed some of the Catecholamine toxicity to the pathophysiology of Takotsubo cardiomyopathy, due to the potential impact on current treatment strategies, further study is required. Due to cardiovascular side effects, the use of Catecholamines for therapeutic purposes requires more evidence. Regarding the similarity of the symptoms of this syndrome with myocardial ischemia, nursing care in this type of cardiomyopathy is very important.

Abstract
Aim. The purpose of this study was to review the importance of cardiac rehabilitation and physical activity training in the second phase of rehabilitation.
Background. Cardiac rehabilitation is defined as a comprehensive long-term program consisting of medical assessment, exercise program administration, correction of cardiovascular risk factors, training and counseling. Familiarizing nurses with the area of ​​cardiac rehabilitation and providing necessary education to patients will have a significant effect on reducing complications and improving quality of life.
Method. This review study was carried out by library and internet searches in the years 2018-2019 using the keywords “coronary artery bypass graft surgery”, “adherence to treatment”, “cardiovascular disease”, “physical activity”, “exercises at home”, “cardiac rehabilitation” and their Persian equivalents. The search was carried out in databases, search engines PubMed, SID, MagIran, Web of Sciences, Cochrane Library, CINHAL, OVID, Google Scholar, Up-to-date, and Scopus without time limit. A total of 51 articles were found in relation to the subject under study, of which, 4 articles were excluded because of duplication and 10 articles were excluded because their full texts were not available. Finally, 37 articles were included in the study.
Findings. The role of the nurse in training cardiac patients for rehabilitation is of great importance. By educating patients about the principles of rehabilitation for prevention and management of complications, an important role can be played in improving the quality of life of patients and increasing their survival.
Conclusion. Nurses' acquaintance with the principles of cardiac rehabilitation is of particular importance. It is suggested that nurses consider rehabilitation education as one of the supportive therapeutic and preventive approaches and should always be familiar with the latest guidelines in this area.

Abstract
Aim. The purpose of this study was to investigate the key performance indicators in the emergency department.
Background. Health care organizations are confronted with various phenomena such as the rapid promotion of technology, changing demographic factors and changing lifestyles. On the other hand, the health care system has become one of the largest and most expensive industries in the world. These factors have led hospital management to require fundamental changes, including for organizations to measure performance to achieve organizational goals. Evaluation and monitoring of emergency department performance is one of the most important processes in health centers.
Methods. In this review study, the articles were searched out using the keywords “key performance indicators” and “emergency department” and their Persian equivalent in Jahad Daneshgahi Database, Iran Scientific Research Institute, Database of Iranian Journals, Springer, Medline, PubMed, and Google Scholar. Forty eight articles were found. These articles were reviewed and refined step by step and finally, 16 related articles were selected. Then, selected sources were included in the data collection form according to the purpose of the study and narrative analysis was performed.
Findings. Based on the results of this study, the articles have addressed three aspects of the importance of performance appraisal in the emergency department, key performance indicators and their types (input indicators, process indicators, outcome indicators) that are explained in detail.
Conclusion. Managers and decision makers are always faced with the problem of choosing the best index from a diverse set of indicators, and often because of data aggregation, not all of them can be used. For this reason, managers and employees have a negative view of performance evaluation systems, and it is necessary to identify a limited number of key indicators that can meet an organization's management goals.

Abstract
Aim. This review study was conducted to explain the causes of prehospital delay in Iranian people experiencing myocardial infarction.
Background. While rapid diagnosis and treatment of myocardial infarction reduces mortality, improves heart function and most importantly, improves the patient's prognosis, studies show that some people experiencing the symptoms of myocardial infarction return to medical centers with delay.
Method. In this review study, SID database was used to search out articles published from 2001 to 2019. The keywords “acute myocardial infarction” and prehospital delay” was uysed to searching out the articles. Articles with accessible full text were reviewed in this study.
Findings. The review of articles related to the factors of prehospital delay in Iranian people experiencing  acute myocardial infarction included expecting spontaneous recovery, attributing the disease to non-cardiovascular causes, unawareness of the symptoms of cardiovascular disease, not paying attention to the symptoms of the disease and taking medication arbitrarily, having an underlying disease such as diabetes, low level of pain in the onset, sex, old age, low education, low income, place of residence, insignificance of pain, being alone at the time of acute myocardial infarction, onset of symptoms from midnight to early morning, negative history of heart disease, and the gradual onset of symptoms.
Conclusion. The results of this review showed that the most important factors in prehospital delay of Iranian people experiencing myocardial infarction individual factors and misunderstanding of the disease. Health care team should work to improve public awareness of the signs and symptoms of cardiovascular disease.
 

Abstract
Aim. The present article aimed at reviewing the literature regarding factors causing arteriosclerosis.
Background. The origin of arteriosclerosis, which leads to the development of cardiovascular diseases, is quite complicated. The pathogens involved in arteriosclerosis include hemodynamic, thrombotic, carbohydrates, lipid, metabolic changes, and the inherent properties of the arterial wall. These physiological and biochemical properties finally give rise to the clinical symptoms in patients. Furthermore, environmental factors such as smoking, and changing lifestyle can aggravate these symptoms. The progression of arteriosclerosis and the increase in its severity depends on these risk factors as well as their continuation over time.
Method. The present research reviewed the literature published within the last 20 years concerning the factors causing arteriosclerosis. The articles were searched out using databases Science Direct, PubMed, Cochrane, Medline, SID, Scopus, Iran Doc, OVID, CINAHL, and Magiran and the keywords were Atherosclerosis, atherosclerosis, cardiovascular disease and their Persian equivalents.
Findings. The findings indicated that there have been considerable developments in identifying the factors causing Atherosclerosis, factors such as age, sex, hypertension, smoking, increase in the LDL level, decrease in the HDL and cholesterol level, which are effective in the development of atherosclerosis, and the metabolic factors (disorder of glucose metabolism), thrombogenic and homeostatic factors such as fibrinogen and inflammatory factors that can lead to cardiovascular diseases. Despite the various studies carried out in this regard, cardiovascular diseases are still the leading cause of death as reported by the World Health Organization and the methods for controlling and preventing these diseases have not yet been completely developed.
Conclusion. Taking into account the high mortality rate of cardiovascular diseases, besides identifying the risk factors leading to arteriosclerosis, there must be public education at every level in order to increase awareness, cause fundamental changes in people’s lifestyles, and increase patient self-care education.

Abstract
Aim. This study aimed to review educational techniques in neonatal resuscitation training for nurses with focus on improving knowledge and skill.     
Background. Successful management of neonatal resuscitation is associated with knowledge and skill applied in golden time. Neonatal resuscitation training can help nurses for choosing right steps and practice skillfully. In neonatal nursing, neonatal resuscitation teaching methods is very important for knowledge improvement and sustainable enhancement in skill with the final goal of neonatal surveillance.
Method. This literature review was conducted with searching out data bases and search engines (Google Scholar, SID, Scopus, Cochrane, PubMed, Magiran, CINAHL, and Web of Science) with the keywords neonatal resuscitation training, nurse, knowledge, skill and their Persian equivalent. Overall, 48 articles published within the last 10 years were identified, out of which, 13 articles were omitted because of not having access to their full text and 35 articles were reviewed.
Findings. The method of neonatal resuscitation training has shifted from traditional self-learning by reading the book and watching slides to learning by training on manikins. It has been changed to simulating such real situations for decision making and right techniques even by soft wares on smartphones too.
Conclusion. In choosing the methods of teaching neonatal cardiopulmonary resuscitation to nurses, those methods would be more effective that can increase how to apply knowledge as well as transferring knowledge. New educational methods allow nurses to increase neonatal cardiopulmonary resuscitation skills to maintain survival of this vulnerable group.

Abstract
Aim. The present review study was conducted to investigate the effect of family-centered care education on outcomes of heart failure in Iranian patients.
Background. Heart failure is a complex clinical syndrome that poses a health problem due to its chronic, progressive, and irreversible nature.
Method. A comprehensive searching out scientific databases and search engines including Science Direct, Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Medline with the keywords heart failure and family-centered care education in both Persian and English language was done to find published studies between 2000 to 2020. Six articles were found based on inclusion criteria and reviewed to report their dominant findings.
Findings. Studies on the effect of family-centered care education on outcomes of heart failure in Iranian patients showed that this educational method has yield in effective results.
Conclusion. Family-centered care training improves and promotes self-care and quality of life in people with heart failure. Using this training program is recommended as an effective, cost-effective training method without the need for special equipment.

Abstract
Aim. The aim of this literature review was to investigate the importance of adherence to diet in and nutritional recommendations for patient after coronary artery bypass graft surgery.
Background. Nutritional patterns after heart surgery are among the most important aspects of care that is provided by the nurse. Due to the importance of this issue, various studies have been conducted to focus on principles of proper nutrition after coronary artery bypass graft surgery and the necessary recommendations.
Method. The present review study was conducted through searching out databases and search engines Pub Med, SID, MagIran, Web of Sciences, Cochrane Library, CINHAL, OVID, Up-to-date, and Scopus without time limit using the keywords Coronary artery bypass graft surgery, Adherence to nutrition therapy, Cardiovascular disease, Survival rate, Complications of heart disease and nursing care, Diet, and Nutritional support. Out of a total of 103 articles, 65 articles with accessible full text entered the qualitative review stage, of which 51 articles entered the literature review.
Findings. The use of appropriate dietary approach such as consumption of fruits and vegetables, nuts and nuts, consumption of dairy products, fish and cooked and steamed foods should be the first priority of patients after coronary artery bypass graft surgery. They should avoid of fried and processed materials as much as possible.
Conclusion. Nurses' familiarity with the principles of nutrition and providing nutritional solutions, based on the latest guidelines published, to patients after coronary artery bypass graft surgery plays an important role in reducing complications and readmission of patients.